Drugs online research references
Act Nerv Super (Praha). 1982 May;24(2):63-8.
To the pharmacological profile of maprotiline.
Benesova O.
Experimental EEG study of sleep-vigil cycles in rats with implanted brain electrodes showed that maprotiline has lower inhibitory effects on the REM sleep, sleep onset and mean duration of sleep cycles than imipramine. Maprotiline reveals significantly lower cardiotoxicity than imipramine and amitriptyline in the test on chick embryo heart. Embryotoxicity risk, evaluated on chick embryo by the method CHEST is significantly lower in maprotiline than in imipramine, nortriptyline and amitriptyline.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7102225&dopt=Abstract
Life Sci. 1987 Jan 5;40(1):71-9.
Discriminative stimulus properties of oxazepam in the pigeon.
de la Garza R, Evans S, Johanson CE.
Five pigeons were trained to discriminate IM injections of oxazepam (4.0 mg/kg) from vehicle with responding maintained under a fixed-ratio 30 schedule of food delivery. Under test conditions, responding increased in a dose-dependent manner in all pigeons after the administration of other benzodiazepines including diazepam (0.01-1.0 mg/kg), temazepam (0.01-3.0 mg/kg), halazepam (0.1-56.0 mg/kg), and midazolam (0.1-1.0 mg/kg) as well as the barbiturate pentobarbital (2.0-8.0 mg/kg) and the non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic CL 218,872 (1.0-8.0 mg/kg). At the higher doses of each of these compounds, over 80% of responding occurred on the oxazepam-appropriate key. Cocaine (0.5-4.0 mg/kg), bupropion (3.0-56.0 mg/kg) and nortriptyline (3.0-56.0 mg/kg) failed to substitute for oxazepam even at doses that decreased rates of responding. The discriminative stimulus (DS) effects of the lowest doses of oxazepam and CL 218,872 that produced 100% drug-appropriate responding were blocked by the benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788. This antagonism was reversed by increasing the dose of the agonists. The DS effects of diazepam were antagonized partially by Ro 15-1788 (3 of 5 pigeons), and the antagonism was reversed by higher doses of diazepam in two of these pigeons. The DS effects of pentobarbital were antagonized by Ro 15-1788 in 2 of 5 pigeons, but the blockade was not reversed by higher pentobarbital doses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2879206&dopt=Abstract
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1980 Jul;47(1):53-7.
Neuropharmacological properties of amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their metabolites.
Hyttel J, Christensen AV, Fjalland B.
Amitriptyline, nortriptyline and their metabolites, desmethylnortriptyline, cis and trans 10-hydroxyamitriptyline, cis and trans 10-hydroxynortriptyline and amitriptyline-N-oxide, have been tested for inhibitory effect on the uptake of serotonin (rabbit thrombocytes in vitro) and noradrenaline (mouse atria in vitro and mouse heart in vivo), for anticholinergic activity (guinea-pig ileum in vitro) and for antagonism against tetrabenazine induced inactivity as well as apomorphine and 5-hydroxytryptophan potentiating effect in mice. Amitriptyline inhibits serotonin and noradrenaline uptake equally, whereas nortriptyline is a more potent inhibitor of noradrenaline than of serotonin uptake. The metabolites resemble nortriptyline in this respect. The 10-hydroxylated metabolites are equipotent with amitriptyline as regards noradrenaline uptake inhibition. All the metabolites are less anticholinergic than amitriptyline and nortriptyline. The in vitro results are reflected in the in vivo behavioural tests, although some discrepancies are found, probably due to differences in absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion. The importance of knowledge concerning pharmacological properties of the metabolites in comparison with amitriptyline and nortriptyline for correlating plasma levels of these and their metabolites to clinical outcome is discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7395525&dopt=Abstract
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