Drugs online research references
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1993;113(1):76-82.
Canine cataplexy is preferentially controlled by adrenergic mechanisms: evidence using monoamine selective uptake inhibitors and release enhancers.
Mignot E, Renaud A, Nishino S, Arrigoni J, Guilleminault C, Dement WC.
Stanford University, School of Medicine, Sleep Disorder Center, Palo Alto, CA 94304.
Narcolepsy is currently treated with anti-depressants to control REM-related symptoms such as cataplexy and with amphetamine-like stimulants for the management of sleepiness. Both stimulant and antidepressant drugs presynaptically enhance monoaminergic transmission but both classes of compounds lack pharmacological specificity. In order to determine which monoamine is selectively involved in the therapeutic effect of these compounds, we examined the effects of selective monoamine uptake inhibitors and release enhancers on cataplexy using a canine model of the human disorder. A total of 14 compounds acting on the adrenergic (desipramine, nisoxetine, nortriptyline, tomoxetine, viloxazine), serotoninergic (fenfluramine, fluoxetine, indalpine, paroxetine, zimelidine) and dopaminergic (amfonelic acid, amineptine, bupropion, GBR 12909) systems were tested. Some additional compounds interesting clinically but with less pharmacological selectivity, i.e., cocaine, dextroamphetamine, methylphenidate, nomifensine and pemoline, were also included in the study. All compounds affecting noradrenergic transmission completely suppressed canine cataplexy at low doses in all dogs tested, whereas compounds which predominantly modified serotoninergic and dopaminergic transmission were either inactive or partially active at high doses. Our results demonstrate the preferential involvement of adrenergic systems in the control of cataplexy and, presumably, REM sleep atonia. Our findings also demonstrate that canine narcolepsy is a useful tool in assessing the pharmacological specificity of antidepressant drugs.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7862832&dopt=Abstract
Clin Chem. 1978 Jan;24(1):87-91.
Liquid-chromatographic procedure for tricyclic drugs and their metabolites in plasma.
Vandemark FL, Adams RF, Schmidt GJ.
We describe a procedure for determining amitriptyline and imipramine and their active metabolites nortriptyline and desipramine, respectively, at therapeutic concentrations in human plasma by use of liquid chromatography. The drugs are extracted at pH 10.5 into hexane/isoamyl alcohol, which is evaporated and the residue chromatographed. Protriptyline is used as the internal standard. As little as 10 microgram of each drug per liter could be detected in plasma, the limit being established by variability in drug-free plasmas. The day-to-day coefficient of variation for each drug at a concentration of about 100 microgram/liter was about 7%. Doxepin and diphenhydramine interfere with the analysis of amitriptyline. Total analysis time for a single sample is 20 min.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=618670&dopt=Abstract
Clin Chem. 1976 Jun;22(6):761-4.
Rapid radioisotopic procedure for determination of nortriptyline in plasma.
Maguire KP, Burrows GD, Coghlan JP, Scoggins BA.
With the widespread use of tricyclic antidepressant drugs, the relationship between the concentration of the drug in the plasma and the therapeutic response is of considerable interest. We describe a double-isotope derivative dilution procedure for measuring plasma nortriptyline. In the method, [14C]nortriptyline is used for estimating procedural losses and [3H]acetic anhydride for derivative formation. The assay is rapid and adequately specific, sensitive, precies, and reproducible for routine clinical use. We used it to investigate the variation in steady-state drug concentrations in plasma of persons who were on a 150 mg/day dose of nortriptyline. Intra-individual variation from day to day was 10-14%. This variation was not significantly affected by the dosage schedule, the time of sampling after an oral dose, or the storage of the plasma samples. For 19 patients on 150 mg of nortriptyline per day, the mean concentration in plasma was 181 +/- 22 (SE) mug/liter, a value that compares well with our previous findings and those of other groups.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1277457&dopt=Abstract
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Wellstreet online pharmacy for click-order prescription medications ||
Altace Online Pharmacy ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Insurance plans and information ||
Insurance policies for all purposes ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||