Drugs online research references
Comp Biochem Physiol C. 1993 Jul;105(3):387-91.
Calcium dependence of electrical and mechanical activity in rat ileum examined by the sucrose-gap technique.
Mahmod SM, Huddart H.
Division of Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, U.K.
1. Single sucrose gap recordings showed that spontaneous action potentials of rat ileal smooth muscle consisted of slow waves and superimposed spikes which generated rhythmic contractions. As external potassium was raised, the resting potential progressively depolarized. 2. Calcium-free salines inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity and inhibited the plateau phase of the action potential, but spontaneous spike depolarizations persisted. 3. Verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem all inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity and the plateau phase of the action potential, while in addition diltiazem augmented spike amplitude. 4. Mn ions also inhibited mechanical activity and the action potential plateau, without affecting spike activity while the calcium ionophore A23187 enhanced both mechanical and electrical activity with a pronounced effect on spike amplitude. 5. These results are consistent with the view that the plateau phase of the ileal smooth muscle action potential is dependent upon an influx of extracellular calcium possibly through voltage dependent slow calcium channels.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7900961&dopt=Abstract
Biol Psychiatry. 1994 Jun 1;35(11):864-9.
The effect of electroconvulsive shock and nifedipine on spatial learning and memory in rats.
Popik P, Mamczarz J, Vetulani J.
Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow.
Several traumatic events including brain contusion, electroconvulsive shock therapy, epileptic seizures and others, may cause short-term retrograde amnesia. In spite of much recent attention, pharmacological treatment of memory impairment has not been fully successful. In the present paper we report on the possible antiamnesic action of the L-type calcium channel blocker, nifedipine. Rats trained in the spatial memory task showed gradual improvement in the escape latency to find the submerged platform. After completion of the learning, they also showed a strong spatial bias toward the place that previously contained the target platform. Prolonged post-trial electroconvulsive shock induced memory impairment. The calcium channel blocker, previously reported as a "cognitive enhancer," given either before or after the learning trial revealed no antiamnesic effect. Nifedipine also does not exert any action when given alone. These results suggest that the drug may not have antiamnesic action on human memory disturbed by electroconvulsive therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8054409&dopt=Abstract
Postgrad Med. 1983 Jan;73(1):213-5, 219-22.
Newer antihypertensive agents.
Kaplan NM.
Captopril (Capoten) and minoxidil (Loniten) have recently become generally available for treatment of hypertension, and calcium channel blockers, although not yet officially approved for this indication, clearly have potential as antihypertensive agents. Captopril, the only available inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme, is particularly effective in patients with severe, high-renin hypertension. Minoxidil, a potent direct-acting vasodilator, is particularly effective in severely hypertensive patients with concomitant renal insufficiency. Because serious side effects have been noted with both drugs, their use probably should not be considered until other agents have failed. Of the calcium channel blockers, nifedipine (Procardia) seems to have greatest promise as an antihypertensive agent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6336840&dopt=Abstract
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