Drugs online research references
Jpn J Pharmacol. 1976 Aug;26(4):427-35.
Simultaneous assessment of effects of coronary vasodilators on the coronary blood flow and the myocardial contractility by using the blood-perfused canine papillary muscle.
Himori N, Ono H, Taira N.
Effects of 6 coronary vasodilators on the coronary blood flow and the contractile force of the ventricular muscle were examined simultaneously by injecting these drugs to the arterially blood-perfused canine papillary muscle preparation. All compounds produced a dose-dependent increase in blood flow rate, and relative potencies determined on the basis of doses producing a 100% increase in blood flow rate, ED100, were in the descending order : nifedipine greater than verapamil greater than diltiazem greater than dilazep greater than dipyridamole greater than carbochromen, and approximately 1 : 1/12 : 1/26 : 1/100 : 1/300 : 1/500. All drugs except for dipyridamole caused a dose-dependent decrease in the developed tension of the papillary muscle, although nifedipine and diltiazem in low doses produced a slight increase. Relative potencies determined on the basis of doses producing a 50% decrease in developed tension, ID50, were as follows: nifedipine (1), verapamil (1/13), diltiazem (1/40), dilazep (1/100), and carbochromen (1/270). Ratios of the ID50 to ED100 were as follows: diltiazem (5.2), nifedipine (3.5), verapamil (3.5), dilazep (2.5), and carbochromen (1.8). The higher the value the more predominant on the coronary vascular bed or the less depressant on the myocardial contractility were their actions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1003699&dopt=Abstract
Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther. 1992 Jul-Aug;318:36-46.
Comparative cardiovascular effects of KRN2391 and other coronary vasodilators in anesthetized open-chest dogs.
Ogawa N, Kaneta S, Jinno Y, Kasai H, Nishikori K, Fukushima H.
Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory, Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan.
The effect of KRN2391 [N-cyano-N'-(2-nitroxyethyl)-3-pyridinecarboximidamide monomethanesulfonate] on the cardiovascular system and on myocardial oxygen consumption was compared with that of nicorandil and nifedipine in anesthetized dogs. Intravenous administration of KRN2391 (3-30 micrograms/kg) and nifedipine (1 and 3 micrograms/kg) decreased mean aortic blood pressure and total peripheral vascular resistance, and increased coronary blood flow, cardiac output and stroke volume. Heart rate was not significantly affected by KRN2391, but slightly increased by 1 microgram/kg of nifedipine. Nicorandil (100 and 300 micrograms/kg, intravenously) decreased mean aortic blood pressure, cardiac output, stroke volume and total peripheral vascular resistance, but did not affect heart rate. Nicorandil also showed a tendency to decrease coronary blood flow after an initial increase. All drugs tested decreased the difference in oxygen concentration between arterial and coronary sinus blood, indicating that these drugs increased the oxygen supply to the heart. Myocardial oxygen consumption was significantly decreased by more than 10 micrograms/kg of KRN2391, but was not affected by nifedipine. Nicorandil showed a tendency to decrease the myocardial oxygen consumption, though not significantly. Thus, KRN2391 may be useful to treat ischemic heart disease, because it increases the coronary blood flow and the oxygen supply to the heart, and decreases the afterload and the myocardial oxygen consumption.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1463370&dopt=Abstract
Neuropharmacology. 1991 May;30(5):501-5.
Nifedipine has paradoxical effects on the development of kindling but not on kindled seizures in amygdala-kindled rats.
Yamada N, Bilkey DK.
Department of Psychology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
The effects of nifedipine, an antagonist of voltage-operated calcium channels, on the development of amygdala kindling and on the production of fully kindled seizures, stimulated from the amygdala, were investigated. Rats were treated daily with two doses (5 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) of nifedipine during the development of kindling. Both doses of nifedipine retarded the development of kindled seizures and 50 mg/kg of nifedipine prolonged the latency to the occurrence of bilateral forelimb clonus. In contrast to these antiepileptogenic effects, however, both doses also increased the duration of afterdischarge. This resulted in a striking increase in the cumulative duration of afterdischarge, required to reach stage 4 and 5 seizures. Contrary to the results of a previous study, 50 mg/kg of nifedipine did not produce any significant effect on fully kindled seizures, regardless of the interval (5 min-24 hr) between injection and stimulation of kindling. These results suggested that although nifedipine inhibited the propagation processes of seizures during development of kindling, it appeared to increase the duration of epileptic activity at the kindling focus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1865996&dopt=Abstract
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