Drugs online research references
eastday.com
OBJECTIVE To explore the changes of rat gastric mucosal barrier under conditions of water immersion restraint stress. METHODS Eighty rats were randomly divided into Group A (20 rats), B (40 rats) and C (20 rats) after being fasted for 24 hours. And then Group A was divided into two subgroups with ten rats in each. The two subgroups in Group A were given normal saline or omeprazole respectively while under the stress condition. The changes of gastric acid or bicarbonate secretion were determined. Group B (40 rats) were randomly divided into four subgroups,which were subgroup control, 1h, 2h and 4h after beginning of the stress. The quantity of glandular mucosal adherent mucus, the thickness of mucus gel layer and ulcer index were measured after stress in Group B. The glandular mucosal samples were labeled by Lanthanum and observed by transmission electromicroscopy. Group C was randomly divided into two subgroups in the same way with Group A. And each subgroup received normal saline or omeprazole respectively H(+) loss in gastric lumen was calculated by determining the difference of acidity between lavage and drainage fluid H(+) concentration. RESULTS It was found that gastric alkaline secretion decreased progressively (P < 0.05), while gastric acid secretion increased progressively under stress conditions (P < 0.05). The mucus quantity(A/g) in the four subgroups in Group B were 0.137 +/- 0.030, 0.143 +/- 0.012, 0.066 +/- 0.016 and 0.016 +/- 0.016 respectively. The mucus gel thickness(microm) were 71.08 +/- 5.85, 74.50 +/- 12.85, 57.63 +/- 6.45 and 51.35 +/- 2.84 respectively. The ulcer index were 0.2 +/- 0.1,0.4 +/- 0.1,5.2 +/- 1.3 and 10.0 +/- 0.5 respectively. Statistics showed that the mucus quantity was correlated with the mucus gel thickness positively(r = 0.89), while either of them was correlated with the ulcer index negatively(r = 0.85 and "r = 0.83). And it was also found that Lanthanum rarely stained the glandular mucosa in control subgroup, while heavily in stress subgroups. In the subgroup receiving normal saline in Group C, within 5 hours after the beginning of stress, the amount of H(+) loss per hour(micromol) was 2.03 +/- 0.12, 2.00 +/- 0.20, 1.93 +/- 0.49, 2.70 +/- 0.44 and 3.37 +/- 0.35 respectively.It was demonstrated that the amount of H(+) loss was stable within 2h after stress, then increased obviously in normal saline subgroup significantly (P < 0.01). In omeprazole subgroup, the amount of H(+) loss (micromol) was 7.46 +/- 1.22, 4.56 +/- 0.35, 3.11 +/- 0.81, 2.32 +/- 1.42 and 2.13 +/- 1.60, which decreased progressively, however still higher than those in normal saline subgroup (P "< 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gastric bicarbonate secretion is inhibited; gastric barrier is damaged; and hydrogen permeability through gastric mucosal barrier increases under stress conditions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12137597&dopt=Abstract
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asahikawa-rch.gr.jp
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and the effect of its eradication on platelet count in 48 Japanese patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (AITP), including 40 chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and eight secondary AITP, were investigated. H. pylori infection was found in 25 ITP patients (62.5%) and in two secondary AITP (25%). H.pylori eradication was obtained in 19 of 19 infected ITP patients (100%), who were not in remission (platelets < 100 x 109/l) at the time of infection assessment. During follow-up (median 14.8 months), 12 of 19 H. pylori-eradicated patients (63.2%) showed a significant increase in platelet count accompanied by a significant decrease of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G (IgG). This response was maintained in all responding patients throughout the follow-up period. However, two infected patients with secondary AITP did not show platelet increase after eradication. The assessment of H. pylori infection and its eradication should be attempted in ITP as this approach could be an effective strategy, at least for some of these patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12139750&dopt=Abstract
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mayo.edu
BACKGROUND: Some patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease continue to experience symptoms despite therapy with proton pump inhibitors. One recently proposed cause is the occurrence of nocturnal acid breakthrough. AIM: : To investigate the relationship between acid breakthrough occurrence (nocturnal and daytime) and refractory symptoms among patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease on proton pump inhibitors. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive patients with persistent symptoms of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease despite proton pump inhibitor therapy underwent 24-h pH study at the Mayo Clinic between January 1 and November 10, 1999. Relevant data were extracted and analysed. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients, 18 males and 34 females, were eligible for the study. The mean age was 53 +/- 2.2 years. Thirty-seven patients (71%) had nocturnal acid breakthrough, and 36 (69%) had daytime acid breakthrough. Sixty per cent of patients experienced both nocturnal and daytime acid breakthrough, whereas 19% had neither. Among those with nocturnal and daytime acid breakthrough, only 36% and 33% of symptoms, respectively, were associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux episodes. The proportion of patients with symptoms and the mean symptom scores were not significantly different between those with and without acid breakthrough. CONCLUSIONS: Gastric acid breakthrough occurs nocturnally and during the daytime in patients on proton pump inhibitor therapy. With less than 36% of refractory symptoms associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux, gastric acid breakthrough cannot explain symptom refractoriness to proton pump inhibitor therapy in a significant majority of patients evaluated by 24-h pH study.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12144581&dopt=Abstract
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