Drugs online research references
Phytomedicine. 2002 Mar;9(2):125-34.
Anti-ulcerogenic and analgesic activities of the leaves of Wilbrandia ebracteata in mice.
Gonzalez FG, Di Stasi LC.
Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Biociencias, Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Brazil.
Wilbrandia ebracteata (Cogn.) Cogn. is a medicinal plant belonging to the Cucurbitaceae family used popularly as an antiulcer and analgesic medicine. The hydromethanol extract of leaves was investigated to determine its anti-ulcerogenic (ethanol and indomethacin induced gastric damage) and analgesic (writhing and tail-flick tests) activities in mice (efficacy), its acute toxicity (safety), and its phytochemistry (quality control). Oral administration of leaf extract at a dose of 1000 mg/kg body wt. significantly reduced 73.3% of the total area of lesion in ethanol-induced gastric damage, but was inactive in an indomethacin-induced gastric damage test. The hydromethanol extract was also inactive in both analgesic tests. Oral administration of the leaf extract did not produce mortality in mice, while the LD50 value of the roots was 22.10 mg/kg body wt. in female mice and 58.31 mg/kg body wt. in male mice. Leaves of W. ebracteata reacted positively for steroids, flavonols, flavanones, saponins, tannins and xanthones and negative for other compounds, including cucurbitacins. Leaf extract of W. ebracteata was active as an anti-ulcerogenic, probably through increasing gastric defensive factors, and flavonoids might be the main constituent responsible for this activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11995945&dopt=Abstract
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J Pharm Pharmacol. 2002 Apr;54(4):583-8.
Gastroprotective activity of oleanolic acid derivatives on experimentally induced gastric lesions in rats and mice.
Astudillo L, Rodriguez JA, Schmeda-Hirschmann G.
Instituto de Quimica de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca, Casilla, Chile.
The gastroprotective effect of the triterpene oleanolic acid (OA) was assessed on gastric ulceration in rats. The effect of a single oral dose of OA was evaluated at 50, 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) in the following models: pylorus ligature (Shay), and aspirin- and ethanol-induced gastric ulcers. A single oral administration of OA at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg kg-' inhibited the appearance of gastric lesions induced by ethanol, aspirin and pylorus ligature. In the pylorus ligature and aspirin models, the effect of OA at the selected concentrations was comparable with that of ranitidine at 50 mg kg(-1). In the ethanol-induced gastric lesion model, OA showed a dose-dependent activity, and at 100 and 200 mg kg(-1) was as active as omeprazole at 20 mg kg(-1). The effect of OA, its acetylated and methoxylated derivatives, oleanonic acid and its methyl ester were assessed on HCI/ethanol-induced ulcers in mice at 200 mg kg(-1). OA and its methoxylated (OAM) and acetylated (OAAM, OAA) derivatives proved to be active in this animal model. The semisynthetic derivatives OAM and OAAM had the greatest gastroprotective activity, but their effect was not significantly greater than OA. In an acute toxicity test on mice, intraperitoneal administration of OA showed no toxicity at doses up to 600 mg kg(-1).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11999138&dopt=Abstract
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kyoritsu-ph.ac.jp
Omeprazole is a benzimidazole compound that acts as a proton-pump inhibitor. Because the metabolism of omeprazole is mainly catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP2C19. the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C19 could be of clinical concern in the treatment of acid-related diseases with omeprazole. Therefore, a reliable method for omeprazole phenotyping is desirable in clinical situations. This study has demonstrated the determination of omeprazole and its metabolites in human plasma by liquid chromatography-three-dimensional quadrupole mass spectrometry with a sonic spray ionization interface. The analytical column was YMC-Pack Pro C18(50x2.0 mm I.D.) using acetonitrile-50 mM ammonium acetate (pH 7.25) (1:4) at a flow-rate of 0.2 ml/min. The drift voltage was 30 V. The sampling aperture was heated at 110 degrees C and Shield temperature was 230 degrees C. In the mass spectrum, the molecular ions of omeprazole, hydroxyomeprazole and omeprazole sulfone were clearly observed as base peaks. This method is sufficiently sensitive and accurate for pharmacokinetic studies of omeprazol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11999727&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match nexium online literature
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