Drugs online research references
Can Vet J. 2003 Jul;44(7):581-5.
Efficacy of a paste formulation of omeprazole for the treatment of naturally occurring gastric ulcers in training standardbred racehorses in Canada.
Doucet MY, Vrins AA, Dionne R, Alva R, Ericsson G.
Departement de biomedecine veterinaire, Faculte de medecine veterinaire, Universite de Montreal, CP 5000, Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec J2S 7C6.
The efficacy of a paste formulation of the H+, K+, -ATPase inhibitor omeprazole was evaluated in standardbred racehorses for the treatment and prevention of gastric ulcers. Twenty standardbred racehorses in training, aged 2 to 9 years, were enrolled from 2 training centres in this field trial. Endoscopic examinations confirmed the presence of gastric ulcers in all horses, prior to allocation and treatment and on day 0. Lesions were scored on a scale of 0 to 3 (intact epithelium to extensive ulceration). Replicates were formed, based on training level and location. Within replicates, 1 horse was assigned to group 1 and 3 horses were assigned to group 2, randomly. Horses in group 1 were sham-dosed controls. Horses in group 2 were given omeprazole paste orally at 4 mg/kg bodyweight (BW)/day from day 0 to day 27 and 2 mg/kg BW/day of omeprazole paste orally from day 28 to day 57. Follow-up endoscopies were conducted on post treatment days 28 and 58 or 59. Physical examinations, including BWs, were conducted on all horses prior to treatment and on days 13 or 14, 28, 42 or 43, and 58 or 59. Horses treated with omeprazole had significantly (P < 0.01) more improvement in gastric lesion scores than did controls at day 28 and at study termination on days 58 or 59. All of the omeprazole-treated horses were improved relative to baseline ulcer score at both examinations, and 73.3% were healed (lesion score of 0) at both examinations. None of the controls improved at any point during the study. When the dose was reduced to 2 mg/kg BW, 80% of the horses showed no recurrences or worsening in gastric ulcers. It was concluded that omeprazole paste at 4 mg/kg BW orally, once daily is highly effective in healing gastric ulcers in standardbred racehorses in training and that a dose of 2 mg/kg BW orally, once daily, effectively prevents the recurrence of gastric ulcers in most horses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12892289&dopt=Abstract
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utu.fi
The aim of this study was to screen the inhibitory potential of different clinically used oestrogen and progestin hormones on CYP2C9, 2C19 and 3A4 activities in human liver microsomes. The degree of inhibition by desogestrel, 3-ketodesogestrel, 17-beta-oestradiol, gestodene, aethinyloestradiol, medroxyprogesterone acetate, norethisterone or L-norgestrel were studied at 100 microM on losartan oxidation (CYP2C9), R-omeprazole 5'-hydroxylation (CYP2C19) and R-omeprazole sulphoxidation (CYP3A4) with a 10-min preincubation with NADPH in human liver microsomes prepared from 6 individual genotyped donor livers. Aethinyloestradiol was found to be a potent inhibitor (55% mean inhibition; 95% CI 32% to 79%) of losartan oxidation (CYP2C9) and R-omeprazole 5-hydroxylation (70%; 63% to 77%) (CYP2C19), while it had little effect on R-omeprazole sulphoxidation (CYP3A4) activity. 17-beta-Oestradiol did not produce significant inhibition on any of the studied enzyme activities. Of the progestin hormones studied, gestodene and 3-ketodesogestrel were potent inhibitors of CYP2C19 (57%; 47% to 67% and 51%; 29% to 45%) and CYP3A4 (45%; 30% to 59% and 40%; 19% to 62%), but had little effect on the CYP2C9 activity. In addition, medroxyprogesterone acetate was found to inhibit CYP2C9 (55%; 45% to 65%), while not having significant effect on 2C19 or 3A4. In conclusion, the liability of clinically used female sex steroids to inhibit CYP2C9, 2C19 and 3A4 activities in human liver microsomes is very distinctive and these differences among both the oestrogen and progestin hormones may, at least in part, explain the variable results from clinical trials examining inhibitory effects of hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives on drug metabolism.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12899669&dopt=Abstract
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svm.vetmed.wisc.edu
In the present study we observed that mice anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were far more susceptible to gastrointestinal challenge with Listeria monocytogenes than were unanaesthetized mice. The effect of pentobarbital anesthesia was transient (gone within 2 h) and did not alter the severity of infection following i.v. challenge with L. monocytogenes. Treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of gastric acidity (i.e. cimetidine and omeprazole), or intestinal motility (loperamide), did not duplicate the effect of pentobarbital on gastrointestinal listeriosis. These findings suggest that sodium pentobarbital anesthesia causes a short-lived but striking diminution in resistance to gastrointestinal listeriosis in mice, via an undefined mechanism.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12901847&dopt=Abstract
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