Drugs online research references
po.fujisawa.co.jp
We investigated the quantitative prediction of human hepatic metabolic clearance from in vitro experiments focusing on cytochrome P450 metabolism with eight model compounds, FK1052, FK480, zolpidem, omeprazole, nicardipine, nilvadipine, diazepam, and diltiazem. For the compounds, in vivo human hepatic extraction ratios ranged widely from 0.03 to 0.87. In vitro and in vivo hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL(int)) values for each compound were measured and calculated in rats and/or dogs and humans. CL(int,in vitro) was determined from a substrate disappearance rate at 1 microM in hepatic microsomes, which was a useful method. CL(int,in vivo) was calculated from in vivo pharmacokinetic data using three frequent mathematical models (the well stirred, parallel-tube, and dispersion models). The human scaling factor values (CL(int,in vivo)/CL(int,in vitro)) showed marked difference among the model compounds (0.3-26.6-fold). On the other hand, most of the animal scaling factors were within 2-fold of the values in humans, suggesting that scaling factor values were similar in the different animal species. When human CL(int,in vitro) values were compared with the actual CL(int,in vivo), correlation was not necessarily good. By contrast, using human CL(int,in vitro) corrected with the rat and/or dog scaling factors yielded better predictions of CL(int,in vivo) that were mostly within 2-fold of the actual values. Furthermore, successful predictions of human CL(oral) and hepatic extraction ratio (E(H)) were obtained by use of the human CL(int,in vitro) corrected with animal scaling factors. The new variant method is a simple one, incorporating additional information from animal studies and providing a more reliable prediction of human hepatic clearance.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11560875&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match nexium online literature
Ter Arkh. 2001;73(2):6-10.
[Relations of acid-base balance and gastric secretion of hydrogen carbonate ions in patients with peptic ulcer]
[Article in Russian]
Malov IuS, Kulikov AN, Ivashkina TG.
AIM: To study acid-base balance (ABB) of the organism, gastric secretion of hydrocarbonate (HCO3-) in ulcer patients and to examine their relationships. MATERIAL AND METHODS: ABB in capillary or venous blood before and after losec and famotidine treatment and gastric secretion of HCO3- were studied in 72 patients with ulcer. RESULTS: It was found that patients with gastroduodenal ulcer have metabolic, less frequently hypercapnic acidosis with suppressed gastric secretion of HCO3-. This entails abnormal neutralization of the hydrochloric acid imitating high acidity of the gastric juice. HCO3- secretion is inversely proportional to pH. H2-blockers normalize ABB in ulcer patients while losec either stimulates acidosis or transforms one kind of acidosis into another. CONCLUSION: ABB and gastric secretion of HCO3- are related. Acidosis in ulcer patients leads to reduction of HCO3- production and intensification of hydrochloric acid secretion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11338859&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match nexium online literature
Ross Gastroenterol Zh. 2001;(1):45-54.
[Results of child observation during 3 years after the eradication treatment]
[Article in Russian]
Kornienko EA, Antonova PV.
Comparative evaluation of clinical, endoscopic and morphological stomach mucosa changes dynamics was performed in 100 patients with presence and absence of HP eradication during 3 years. Improvement of clinical, endoscopic and disease morphological sings, sometimes the complete its normalization, but never worsening were observed in the most patients with HP eradication. The main pathomorphological indexes were for certain decreased after 1 year of eradication. The same indexes were not changed in the patients with still presence of HP infection. The complete normalization of stomach mucosa morphology was revealed in 28% of children during 3 years after HP eradication. New HP infection and recurrence of complains and increase of inflammatory and dystrophic stomach mucosa changes were revealed in 43% of children.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11565124&dopt=Abstract
note: kwd match nexium online literature
Herbs and Pharmaceuticals Online ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||