Drugs online research references
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994 Nov;7(11):1141-8.
Treatment of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection by clarithromycin-based combination therapy with minocycline or pyrimethamine.
Alder J, Hutch T, Meulbroek JA, Clement JC.
Department of Anti-infective Microbiology, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Illinois 60064-3500.
The efficacy of clarithromycin combined with either pyrimethamine or minocycline for treatment of experimental Toxoplasma gondii infection was investigated. Mice were infected intraperitoneally with 2 x 10(3) to 2 x 10(4) T. gondii strain RH or TS4 tachyzoites. Mortality was recorded for 35 days postinfection. Latency was evaluated by inoculation of brain homogenates from surviving mice into naive untreated mice. The combination of clarithromycin and pyrimethamine therapy caused a significantly greater reduction in mortality than did either drug alone. Similar synergy was observed between clarithromycin and minocycline. A 100% cure rate of active and latent infection was achieved in mice treated with the clarithromycin based combinations. Clarithromycin in combination with either pyrimethamine or minocycline produced efficacy comparable to combined therapy of pyrimethamine with sulfamethoxazole. The in vitro potency of clarithromycin, pyrimethamine, or minocycline against T. gondii on a mouse macrophage monolayer was not predictive of the in vivo efficacy in mice. Clarithromycin combined with minocycline or pyrimethamine could allow greater flexability for treatment of patients predisposed to the toxicity associated with standard pyrimethamine-sulfonamide or pyrimethamine-nonsulfonamide therapy. This therapy could be especially useful since clarithromycin-based therapy provides safe and effective treatment against Mycobacterium avium complex infections associated with AIDS patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7932081&dopt=Abstract
Jpn J Antibiot. 1994 Aug;47(8):1013-29.
Evaluation of minocycline and cefuzonam for antimicrobial activity against clinical isolates.
Igari J, Oguri T, Higuchi T.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine.
The Antibacterial activity of minocycline (MINO) and that of cefuzonam (CZON) were assessed with clinical isolates of 19 species, and compared with that of other antibiotics. MINO was highly active against methicilli-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA), Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis, Haemophilus influenzae, Helicobacter pylori, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Peptostreptococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes, but not as effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas cepacia and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans. CZON was highly active against MSSA, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, N. Gonorrhoeae, M(B). catarrhalis, H. influenzae, H. pylori, P. mirabilis, Peptostreptococcus spp. and P. acnes, but not effective against MRSA. It was minimally active against Gram-negative rods (E. coli, K. pneumoniae, etc.) and bacteria that do not ferment glucose.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7933531&dopt=Abstract
Jpn J Antibiot. 1994 Aug;47(8):1030-40.
[Susceptibilities of glucose non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli to antibiotics]
[Article in Japanese]
Tabe Y, Igari J.
Department of Clinical Pathology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine.
Glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli are important nosocomial pathogens. This study concerned with susceptibilities to antibacterial agents of strains of Glucose non-fermentative Gram-negative bacilli that were isolated from cultures of clinical materials at 123 hospital laboratories throughout Japan from September to December of 1991. The tests for susceptibilities were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by NCCLS. The following bacteria were tested: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas cepacia, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Alcaligenes spp., Alcaligenes xylosoxidans, Flavobacterium spp. and Xanthomonas maltophilia. The antibacterial agents tested were as follows: piperacillin (PIPC), ceftazidime (CAZ), aztreonam (AZT), imipenem (IPM), minocycline (MINO), gentamicin, amikacin (AMK) and ofloxacin (OFLX). 1. Eighty percent of the strains of P. aeruginosa and P. cepacia were sensitive to CAZ. More than ninety percent of the strains of A. calcoaceticus were sensitive to IPM, MINO, OFLX. To PIPC and IPM, about eighty percent of the strains of Alcaligenes spp. and A. xylosoxidans were sensitive. The strains of Flavobacterium spp. and X. maltophilia showed high sensitivities to MINO. 2. Annual changes in antimicrobial susceptibility patterns over 4 years (1988-1991) show that there has been a gradual increase in sensitive strains of P. aeruginosa to PIPC, CAZ and AMK. Sensitive strains of P. cepacia to AZT, IPM and MINO, and A. calcoaceticus to CAZ and MINO also have gradually increased. No yearly changes were observed in high sensitivity to MINO of the strains of Flavobacterium spp. and X. maltophilia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7933532&dopt=Abstract
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