Drugs online research references
FEBS Lett. 1995 May 29;365(2-3):193-7.
The tetracycline efflux protein encoded by the tet(K) gene from Staphylococcus aureus is a metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter.
Yamaguchi A, Shiina Y, Fujihira E, Sawai T, Noguchi N, Sasatsu M.
Division of Microbial Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Japan.
The tet(K) gene from Staphylococcus aureus was highly expressed in Escherichia coli by an alteration of its initiation codon from TTG to ATG and its ribosome-binding sequence from GAGG to GGAGG [Noguchi, N. et al. (1994) Biol. Pharm. Bull. 17, 352-355]. The inverted membrane vesicles prepared from the tet(K)-expressing cells showed respiration-dependent [3H]tetracycline transport comparable to the vesicles from the tet(B)-expressing cells. The affinity of Tet(K) vesicles to tetracycline was the same as that of Tet(B) vesicles, whereas the former Vmax value was about 60% of the latter one. Contrary to Tet(B) vesicles, Tet(K) vesicles showed no significant minocycline uptake, which was consistent with the low minocycline resistance of the Tet(K)-producing cells. The tetracycline transport mediated by Tet(K) vesicles was coupled with proton transport and the translocation of 60Co2+ ions as well as in Tet(B) vesicles. This observation indicates that the class K tetracycline resistance determinant from Gram-positive bacteria also encodes a metal-tetracycline/H+ antiporter that is functionally similar to that encoded by tet(B), although there is a considerable difference in the primary sequences and the putative topologies of these Tet proteins.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7781778&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Infect Dis. 1995;27(1):23-7.
Human nocardiosis in northern Italy from 1982 to 1992. Northern Italy Collaborative Group on Nocardiosis.
Farina C, Boiron P, Goglio A, Provost F.
Microbiology Institute, Ospedali Riuniti, Bergamo, Italy.
We conducted a retrospective survey of nocardiosis in 9 city hospitals in northern Italy from 1982 to 1992. The medical records of 30 patients with documented nocardiosis were reviewed. Microbiological data included morphology, biochemical characteristics, serology and in vitro susceptibility testing. The 29 isolates (1 case was diagnosed on the basis of serological results) were Nocardia asteroides (n = 25) and Nocardia farcinica (n = 4). Predisposing factors including immunosuppression for organ transplant rejection prophylaxis, lung disease (silicotuberculosis and pulmonary fibrosis), solid tumours and hematological malignancies, and AIDS. Three patients had no identified risk factors. 20 cases of pulmonary nocardiosis were observed. Sites of infection in patients without previous pulmonary involvement were: brain abscesses, soft tissues, pericardium, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid. Most strains tested were susceptible to amikacin and imipenem. Resistance to several antimicrobial agents was found, particularly erythromycin, fosfomycin, pefloxacin, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. Antimicrobial chemotherapy included sulphonamides, amikacin, ceftriaxone, imipenem and minocycline. 21 patients survived, although 2 relapsed transiently. Nocardiosis appears to be more common than generally realised by physicians in northern Italy. The local species distribution and disease spectrum are similar to those described elsewhere. Nocardiosis should be part of the differential diagnosis in patients with pulmonary infiltrates or brain abscess, particularly those with predisposing factors.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7784809&dopt=Abstract
Lett Appl Microbiol. 1995 Jun;20(6):391-5.
Antimicrobial drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cattle in Brazil.
Pereira MS, Siqueira-Junior JP.
Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal da Paraiba, Joao Pessoa(Pb), Brazil.
Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from apparently healthy cattle in the State of Paraiba, Brazil were characterized in relation to resistance to 21 antimicrobial agents. Among the 46 isolates obtained, resistance to penicillin was most frequent, followed by resistance to cadmium, streptomycin, arsenate, tetracycline, mercury, erythromycin and kanamycin/neomycin. All isolates were susceptible to fusidic acid, ethidium bromide, cetrimide, chloramphenicol, benzalkonium chloride, doxycycline, gentamicin, methicillin, minocycline, novobiocin, rifamycin, tylosin and vancomycin. Only six isolates were susceptible to all the drugs tested. With respect to the antibiotics, multi-resistant isolates were uncommon. These results are probably a consequence of the peculiarities of local drug usage pressures. In relation to metal ions, resistance to mercury was rare while resistance to arsenate was relatively frequent, which contrasts with the situation for human Staph. aureus strains. After treatment with ethidium bromide, elimination of resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin and cadmium was observed, which was consistent with the genetic determinants being plasmid-borne.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7786507&dopt=Abstract
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