Drugs online research references
Ther Drug Monit. 1995 Jun;17(3):268-72.
Rapid serum minocycline assay for pleurodesis monitoring using high-performance liquid chromatography with radial compression.
Birminham K, Vaughan LM, Strange C.
Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston 29425, USA.
A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed for the rapid evaluation of minocycline concentrations in serum after chemical pleurodesis. Elution was performed with a Nova-Pak phenyl reverse-phase column and a Waters radial compression module. No organic extraction or evaporation of samples is required. The assay is linear from 0.6-20 micrograms/ml with recovery rates > or = 98%. Interassay variability is 8.2 +/- 1.1% and intraassay variability is 2.1 +/- 0.3%. Correlation coefficients were > or = 0.999 for five standard curves. The technique was effective for quantitation of serum minocycline levels in a human patient who had received the drug intrapleurally on two consecutive days. This HPLC method may be useful for monitoring adverse effects related to serum concentrations of the drug during pleurodesis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7624923&dopt=Abstract
Int J Dermatol. 2000 May;39(5):343-7.
Retrospective study of Mycobacterium marinum skin infections.
Ang P, Rattana-Apiromyakij N, Goh CL.
National Skin Centre, Singapore.
BACKGROUND: Although infection by Mycobacterium marinum is well reported in the literature, there have been few epidemiologic studies. The purpose of this study was to review the epidemiology of patients with cutaneous M. marinum infection over a 3-year period at the National Skin Centre in Singapore. METHODS: Patients with a diagnosis of cutaneous M. marinum infection, confirmed histologically, were collated from computerized data from 1995 to 1997. Thirty-eight patients were diagnosed as having cutaneous M. marinum infection based on history, and clinical and histologic features. RESULTS: Out of the 38 cases of M. marinum infection, there were 30 men and eight women. The age range was 14-85 years (mean: 44.7 years). The duration of disease ranged from 1 to 132 months (mean: 19 months). Thirteen patients (34.2%) had fish rearing as a hobby and four patients (10.5%) had occupational exposure to fish. Twelve patients (31.5%) gave a history of trauma to the disease site. All patients had biopsies of the lesions. All showed infective granulomas/granulomatous inflammation on histology. Acid-fast bacilli were identified in five out of 38 patients (13.2%) and mycobacteria were isolated in one out of 35 patients (2.9%). Nineteen patients received treatment with cotrimoxazole-trimethoprim alone, three with minocycline alone, five with minocycline and cotrimoxazole-trimethoprim, seven with various combinations of drugs, one with excision, and three defaulted treatment. The duration of treatment ranged from 4 to 38 weeks (mean: 14.9 weeks). Twenty-six patients (68.4%) showed clinical improvement, two (5.3%) had no response, and 10 (26.3%) were lost to follow-up. None of the patients worsened with treatment. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 20 months (mean: 6.8 months). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of cutaneous M. marinum infection is mainly clinical, with supporting evidence from histologic features and the response to therapy. Risk factors include a history of trauma and water/fish-related hobbies or occupations. There is a poor yield of positive isolates in our experience; however, empirical treatment usually produces a good clinical response. In future, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique may become more widely available as a rapid, sensitive, and specific means of diagnosis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10849123&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 May;39(5):1120-6.
TOC-39, a novel parenteral broad-spectrum cephalosporin with excellent activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Hanaki H, Akagi H, Masaru Y, Otani T, Hyodo A, Hiramatsu K.
Anticancer and Antimicrobial Research Laboratory, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Hiraishi, Japan.
TOC-39, a new parenteral cephalosporin, is a hydroxyimino-type cephem antibiotic with vinylthio-pyridyl moiety at the 3 position. TOC-39 was evaluated for antibacterial activity against various clinically isolated strains. TOC-39 had excellent activity, stronger than that of methicillin, oxacillin, the cephalosporins tested, imipenem, gentamicin, minocycline, tobramycin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and had an MIC comparable to that of vancomycin (the MICs of TOC-39 and vancomycin for 90% of the strains tested were 3.13 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively). Against Enterococcus faecalis strains, which are resistant to cephalosporins, TOC-39 was twice as active as ampicillin. Against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., and Streptococcus pneumoniae, TOC-39 was twice as active as or more active than cefotiam, ceftazidime, flomoxef, and cefpirome. Against Streptococcus pyogenes, TOC-39 was superior to cefotiam, ceftazidime, and flomoxef and was similar to cefpirome. In addition, the activity of TOC-39 was equal to or greater than that of cefotiam, ceftazidime, flomoxef, and cefpirome against Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii. In terms of bactericidal effect against MRSA, TOC-39 was superior to vancomycin. No mutant resistant to TOC-39 or vancomycin was obtained from susceptible MRSA strains. In murine systemic infection models, TOC-39 showed potent activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Against highly MRSA, the activity of TOC-39 was comparable to that of vancomycin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7625799&dopt=Abstract
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