Drugs online research references
Nippon Rinsho. 1992 May;50(5):952-60.
[Incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of clinical isolates of MRSA from 1988 to 1990, from the results of 26 clinical laboratories in Tokyo and the surrounding area]
[Article in Japanese]
Oguri T.
Clinical Laboratory, Juntendo University Hospital.
We made a survey to investigate the incidence of clinical isolation and the trend of antimicrobial susceptibility of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), isolated in 26 clinical laboratories. Among the 26 institutions, the frequency of MRSA was 22 to 64% (average: 42.1%) in 1988, 22 to 69% (average: 55.3%) in 1989 and 29 to 76% (average: 56.9%) in 1990, and increasing year by year. MRSA showed poor sensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics, gentamicin, toburamycin and clindamycin. There was a significant difference in frequency of the minocycline-resistant strains and the ofloxacin-resistant strains among the 26 institutions. Albekacin, netilmicin, and vancomycin were most active against MRSA with a MIC90 of 1, 8 and 1 microgram/ml, respectively.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1507450&dopt=Abstract
Nippon Rinsho. 1992 May;50(5):961-9.
[Survey of MRSA infection in Ibaraki-ken--Ibaraki Association for infectious diseases]
[Article in Japanese]
Hasegawa S, Yoshizawa Y, Nakai T, Sawahata T, Ishida H, Irokawa M, Iwata S, Goto A, Shinohara Y, Togawa S, et al.
University of Tsukuba.
This study which was undertaken at several major hospitals in Ibaraki-ken revealed that, 1) the proportion of Staphylococcus aureus in all the isolates ranged from 5% to 17% and the prevalence of MRSA in isolates of Staphylococcus aureus varied from 51% to 82% depending upon each individual hospital. 2) the clinical response to FOM and CMZ combination therapy was 88.9% and, to FOM and CZON was 57.1% showing no statistical differences between the two regimens. 3) in vitro analyses assessed by the FIC index of 251 isolates revealed that FOM had an additive or synergistic effect with CMZ in 53.8%, with CZON in 66.9%, with minocycline (MINO) in 43.8%, with cefamandole (CMD) in 61.8%, with cefazolin (CEZ) in 62.9% and with imipenem/cliastatin sodium (IPM/CS) in 68.9% at all isolates. 4) the cumulative curve of susceptibility to single CMZ and the combination of CMZ and FOM revealed that the blood levels of CMZ at 3 hours after intravenous administration covered 57% of isolates when used alone and 82% of isolates when in combination with FOM. The blood levels of CZON at 3 hours covered 5% of isolates when used alone and 41% when in combination with FOM. The extent of the therapeutic effect increased from 6% to 42% by CMD, from 12% to 54% by CEZ, from 20% to 58% by IPM/CS and from 78% to 84% by MINO. The combination of CMZ and FOM was found to be the most effective for enhanced effects on MRSA in vitro.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1507451&dopt=Abstract
Nippon Rinsho. 1992 May;50(5):975-80.
[Isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at Kumamoto University Hospital]
[Article in Japanese]
Tosaka M, Yamane N, Okabe H.
Central Clinical Laboratories, Kumamoto University Medical School.
An increasing prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has created a serious therapeutic problem. During the period from July to December 1987, the prevalence of MRSA was only 72 strains (35.8%) of 201 total staphylococcal isolates. Since then, the frequency of MRSA has markedly increased to 67.3% in 1989, and at that time it was estimated that 30 patients (3.5%) of 850 total inpatients became infected with MRSA. In an early study in 1987, the majority of the MRSA came from post-operative patients; however in 1989, nearly 40% of MRSA were from internal medicine, mainly from immunocompromised patients. The major source of MRSA isolates was sputum (40%) throughout the years, but the MRSA from blood cultures was first recovered in 1989. Also, the major coagulase serotype of MRSA was type IV (18 of 30) in the 1987-study, then shifted to type II (24 of 40) in 1989. Among the several antimicrobials evaluated, four agents; erythromycin, minocycline, ofloxacin, and gentamicin revealed increasing MICs when compared with the results obtained for the MRSA isolates in 1987 and 1989. In particular, the most of the MICs to minocycline and ofloxacin were categorized to be highly susceptible (less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml) or resistant (greater than or equal to 25 micrograms/ml). Vancomycin, currently licensed for the MRSA infection, will be highly effective both in vitro and in vivo; however, it examinative of the MRSA isolates in the clinical laboratories, especially to prevent hospital-acquired infections and to follow up the vancomycin susceptibility will be required.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1507453&dopt=Abstract
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