Drugs online research references
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1980 May 15;176(10 Spec No):1061-8.
Pharmacotherapeutics of the newer tetracyclines.
Aronson AL.
The newer tetracyclines are defined as those tetracyclines available in the United States but not approved for veterinary use. These include demeclocycline, methacycline, doxycycline, and minocycline. Of these, doxycycline and minocycline appear to offer advantages that would render them useful in certain situations in veterinary medicine. Their major advantage lies in their greater lipid solubility relative to other tetracyclines. This characteristic probably accounts for their enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness for some organisms, more efficient absorption after oral administration, and enhanced distribution in the body. The principal excretory organ for doxycycline is the intestine, where the drug diffuses through the intestinal mucosa into the intestinal tract. This unique characteristic makes this drug useful in cases of preexisting renal dysfunction and may render this drug superior to other tetracyclines in the treatment of intestinal infections. Doxycycline is used in other countries for respiratory tract and intestinal tract diseases of poultry. The usefulness of doxycycline and minocycline in food-producing animals may be limited because of persistent drug residues. Minocycline has, in large doses, been used with streptomycin in the elimination of the carrier state of canine brucellosis. The superiority of doxycycline and minocycline, relative to other tetracyclines, in their distribution to areas of he body such as the eye, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, and prostate gland suggests that trials of their efficacy in tetracycline-sensitive infections of these areas are indicated. Pharmacokinetic studies designed to determine optimal dosage schedules have not been made for domestic animals. These determinations are necessary to evaluate most effectively the usefulness of the newer tetracyclines in veterinary medicine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7216873&dopt=Abstract
Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 1981 Mar;14(1):1-9.
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Deng LJ, Luh KT, Hsieh WC, Ho SW.
The susceptibilities of 100 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and 45 clinically significant isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis against various antibiotics were determined by the agar dilution method. Rifampin was the most active of all agents tested against both S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Among the beta-lactam antibiotics, penicillin G was least active, but had the lowest MIC in range. All strains of S. aureus were susceptible to cloxacillin and cephalothin at concentrations of 2 and 4 mcg/ml, respectively. Cloxacillin was less active against S. epidermidis, while cephalothin was more active. Minocycline was more active than doxycycline and tetracycline. Chloramphenicol was not only almost as poor in activity against S. aureus as tetracycline, but also the least active of all agents tested against S. epidermidis. Gentamicin was the most active aminoglycoside. Erythromycin, lincomycin and clindamycin showed the bimodal pattern of susceptibility. These results suggest the marked variability in antibiotic susceptibility of staphylococci.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7261697&dopt=Abstract
J Invest Dermatol. 1981 Sep;77(3):264-71.
Ultrastructural and x-ray microanalytical observations of minocycline-related hyperpigmentation of the skin.
Sato S, Murphy GF, Bernhard JD, Mihm MC Jr, Fitzpatrick TB.
In order to elucidate the nature and distribution of the pigment responsible for the circumscribed blue-black cutaneous hyperpigmentation occurring after administration of minocycline hydrochloride, transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive electron x-ray microanalysis were performed on lesional skin. Ultrastructural observations demonstrated electron-dense iron-containing particles either incorporated into a variety of siderosomes, within dermal histiocytes, free within the cytoplasm, or, rarely, scattered among dermal collagen fibers. Electron x-ray microanalysis confirmed iron content present within these particles. Although siderosomal inclusions contained occasional melanosome complexes, the degree of deposition of electron-dense iron-containing particles in dermal histiocytes seemed to be primarily responsible for the blue-black discoloration of the skin. The present study is an investigation of the structure and composition of the pigment responsible for minocycline-related cutaneous hyperpigmentation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7264358&dopt=Abstract
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