Drugs online research references
Am J Ophthalmol. 1982 Mar;93(3):361-5.
Minocycline in experimental ocular toxoplasmosis in the rabbit.
Rollins DF, Tabbara KF, Ghosheh R, Nozik RA.
We studied the effects of minocycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline, on experimentally induced toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis in the rabbit. In two experiments we found that this drug effectively ameliorated the clinical disease and sterilized the ocular tissues from Toxoplasma organisms. Minocycline prevented death from toxoplasmic encephalitis in 75% of the animals, whereas all the control animals died of toxoplasmic encephalitis. Minocycline appears to be a promising agent for ocular toxoplasmosis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7072799&dopt=Abstract
J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1982;26(1):49-56.
Multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with resistance to oxytetracycline and minocycline, an example for the distribution of a multiresistant strain-clone.
Witte W, Dunnhaupt K.
Multiresistant S. aureus-strains with chromosomally localized determinant for resistance to oxytetracycline-minocycline (tmn) exhibit uniform characteristics, obviously they have been spread as a clone. These strains harbour two plasmids: one with MW of 18 MD for beta-lactamase and determinants for resistance to mercury and to cadmium and one with MW of 2 MD for resistance to chloramphenicol. Beside the tmn-determinant, also the determinants for resistance to macrolides and to gentamicin are not located on plasmids. The tmn-determinant is specific for defined hospital strains reacting with group-III phages; it was not found in other strains of different origin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7086123&dopt=Abstract
Rev Fr Mal Respir. 1982;10(3):195-203.
[Pharmacokinetic basis for antibiotic therapy in broncho-pulmonary bacterial infections (author's transl)]
[Article in French]
Grosset J, Bismuth R, Nguyen J.
Pharmacokinetics is the study of the absorption, distribution and elimination of a drug in the body. Applied to antibiotic therapy it gives information on the concentrations of antibiotic that reach the bacteria at a given time at their site of multiplication for a given dose and route of administration. The future of an antibiotic within a body is largely related to passive transfer. This can be compared to the dialysis of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, the passage from one side to the other being a function of the concentration of molecules in the "upstream" side, the size of the molecules and their own particular transfer speed. The final result is affected by 1) the partition coefficient itself related to the degree of aqueous and lipid solubility of the molecules, 2) the degree of ionisation of the molecules, non-ionised molecules being the only ones to be transferred, 3) protein binding as only the unbound fraction is biologically active and capable of diffusing across the membranes, 4) by the interplay of the combined phenomena of resorption, distribution and elimination. Penicillins and macrolides are the antibiotics of choice in broncho-pulmonary infections. The tetracyclines and the sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim combination come second. The combination of a beta-lactam, an aminoglycoside and/or metronidazole are reserved for the most severe infections. The lung is a particularly well vascularised organ, the pulmonary concentrations of the antibiotic may equal the serum levels. But the concentration in the bronchial secretions only reaches 55% of the serum levels for clindamycin, 25 to 30% for aminoglycosides, minocycline and bacampicillin, 20% for cephalosporins and doxycycline and less than 10% for ampicillin and erythromycin. Only oleandomycine, spiramycin and trimethoprim are present in concentrations equal to those in the serum.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7111829&dopt=Abstract
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