Drugs online research references
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1984 Jun;32(5 Pt 2):532-5.
[Antibiotic sensitivity of meningococci isolated from patients and carriers]
[Article in French]
Dabernat H, Delmas C, Lareng MB.
Ninety-two strains of Neisseria meningitidis (twenty-four recovered from CSF, four from blood, and sixty-four from oropharyngeal swabs) were tested for susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, minocycline, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, erythromycin, spiramycin, josamycin, sulphamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. Antibiotic activity (MIC) was determined by agar dilution. Among the 92 cultures, strains were in the following decreasing order: group B, undefined groups, and group C. 75% of strains recovered from carriers and 50% of those recovered from CSF were susceptible to 8 mg/l of sulphamethoxazole. No strain was susceptible to trimethoprim (MIC 8 mg/l). All strains were susceptible to penicillin (range MICs: 0.007-0.25; mean MIC: 0.06), ampicillin (0.015-0.5; 0.12), minocycline (0.03-0.05; 0.25), chloramphenicol (0.12-4; 0.5). and rifampin (0.007-0.25; 0.015). In vitro activity of macrolides was influenced by culture conditions. With 5 to 10% CO2, MICs were 2 to 4 times greater than those culture conditions. With 5 to 10% CO2, MICs were 2 to 4 times greater than those observed without CO2. Josamycin was more active than erythromycin and spiramycin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6431380&dopt=Abstract
Am J Pathol. 1984 Oct;117(1):98-109.
Thyroid gland pigmentation and minocycline therapy.
Gordon G, Sparano BM, Kramer AW, Kelly RG, Iatropoulos MJ.
Thyroid pigments in black thyroid glands from minocycline-treated patients were compared by light and electron microscopy, histochemistry, and energy-dispersive x-ray analysis with minocycline-induced pigment in thyroid glands of laboratory animals, and with naturally occurring lipofuscins in untreated laboratory animals and humans. All thyroid samples examined contained nonbirefringent, Schmorl-positive pigment. However, the pigments in black thyroids from minocycline-treated patients resembled lipofuscins of untreated humans since both fluoresced and were Ziehl-Neelsen- and Sudan IV-positive. Minocycline induced pigment in rats was nonfluorescent and Ziehl-Neelsen- and Sudan IV-negative. Ultrastructurally, pigments in black thyroid glands of minocycline-treated humans resembled lipofuscins in untreated humans, and initial elemental analyses yielded similar spectra. Repeated analyses of the most electron-dense pigment deposits yielded spectra that resembled those of minocycline-induced pigment in laboratory animals-ie, both contained calcium. Black thyroid glands associated with minocycline administration contained predominantly lipofuscins with a small amount of another, possibly minocycline-related pigment. The absence of functional changes in patients and animals given minocycline suggests that discoloration of the thyroid gland associated with minocycline administration is innocuous. This is further supported by the lack of documented changes in thyroid physiology in patients that have received tetracyclines for a variety of indications in the last 30-odd years since their introduction to therapy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6435454&dopt=Abstract
Chemotherapy. 1980;26(5):344-53.
Susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria in vitro to 23 antimicrobial agents.
Bach VT, Thadepalli H.
589 isolates of anaerobic bacteria, including 127 isolates of Bacterioides fracilis, were tested against 23 antimicrobial agents. At their usually achievable serum levels, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin and piperacillin; cefoxitin, minocycline, doxycycline, clindamycin, chloramphenicol and rifampin were effective against more than 80% of B. fragilis isolates. At usual therapeutic doses, penicillin (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), cyclacillin (CYC), cephalothin (CT), cefazolin (CZ), cephradine (CPD), cefamandole (CMD), cefaclor (CCL), cefuroxime (CRX), spectinomycin (SPT), tetracycline (TET), ethambutol (EMB) and isoniazid (INH) were ineffective against B. Fragilis. However, high and clinically tolerated doses of PEN, CMD and SPT inhibited more than 80% of B. fragilis isolates, but AMP, CYC, CT, CZ, CPD, CCL and CRX, TET, EMB and INH remained totally ineffective against B. fragilis. The therapeutic merits of these antibiotics are discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6446448&dopt=Abstract
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