Drugs online research references
Jpn J Antibiot. 1984 Sep;37(9):1625-30.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Serratia marcescens isolated from clinical materials.
Igari J, Oguri T, Kosakai N.
This study was undertaken to determine the source, serological characteristics and susceptibility to the chemotherapeutic agents on recently isolated strains of Serratia marcescens. Of the 351 isolates, the most frequent source was the respiratory tract and the second urinary tract. The most common serotype was type 14 and the second 4. Among the types of S. marcescens, type 14 and 4 were most frequently associated with respiratory infections. The strains from infected urine had common types 14, 4 and 14.12. By the disk sensitivity testing, the strains from urine had a tendency of multiple resistance and the strains type 14.12 also had the same tendency. In vitro tests for susceptibility to 16 chemotherapeutic agents were performed. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin were most active drugs and inhibited about 70% of the strains at a concentration of 0.39 microgram and 0.78 microgram or less per ml, respectively. The new cephalosporins (cefmenoxime, ceftizoxime and latamoxef) and aztreonam inhibited from 76 to 86% of the strains at 6.25 micrograms or less per ml. This was comparable to the percentage inhibited by some aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin and sisomicin) ranging from 60 to 80%. Minocycline and nalidixic acid were moderate in activity. Chloramphenicol was less active.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6392599&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr Sci. 1978 Mar 10;16(3):93-101.
A high performance liquid chromatographic system for the analysis of tetracycline drug standards, analogs, degradation products and other impurities.
Mack GD, Ashworth RB.
This paper describes the high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of eight parent tetracycline standards: tetracycline, chlortetracycline, rolitetracycline, oxitetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline, democlocycline, methacycline; and three tetracycline epimers: epitetracycline, epianhydrotetracycline, and anhydrotetracycline. The HPLC system employs an octadecylsilane reverse phase column and an isopropanol-diethanolamine-phosphate-ammonium EDTA-water mobile phase. This system produced at least partial resolution of all eight parent compounds and many of their degradation products.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=641134&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Oct;24(4):544-51.
Susceptible Escherichia coli cells can actively excrete tetracyclines.
McMurry LM, Aronson DA, Levy SB.
Escherichia coli shows severalfold less susceptibility to tetracyclines when grown in enriched medium than in minimal medium. Transport studies with cells harvested from these media showed different handling of the drugs. Whereas an energy-dependent uptake of tetracycline and minocycline was observed in susceptible K-12 and wild-type E. coli strains grown in minimal medium, an active efflux of minocycline and, to a lesser extent, tetracycline was seen in cells grown in L broth and other enriched media. This efflux was replaced by an active uptake system after treatment of cells grown in L broth with EDTA. When assayed at a lower temperature (27 degrees C), even cells grown in minimal medium showed an efflux of minocycline. Everted membrane vesicles prepared from susceptible cells grown in minimal medium or L broth showed an energy-dependent accumulation of minocycline and tetracycline when supplied with certain divalent cations. These results suggest that an active efflux of tetracyclines occurs in susceptible E. coli but is not detected in cells grown in minimal medium because greater permeability of the outer membrane allows a more rapid active uptake. This efflux system is distinct from that specified by tetracycline resistance determinants. Since the active efflux of minocycline in cells grown in L broth disappeared at external antibiotic concentrations of greater than 100 microM, it may be saturable and so mediated by a membrane carrier.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6418064&dopt=Abstract
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