Drugs online research references
Jpn J Antibiot. 1983 Jul;36(7):1621-37.
[Comparison of sensitivity patterns of bacteria isolated from clinical materials to the 2d generation cephamycins and cephalosporins and clinical application of these antibiotics]
[Article in Japanese]
Matsuo K, Uete T.
In vitro susceptibilities of 1478 strains of various pathogens isolated from clinical materials in 1981 to 23 antibiotics were studied using Showa disk diffusion test. Prevalence of bacterial resistance to antibiotics was evaluated. New cephem antibiotics such as cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX) and cefotiam (CTM) had no increased activity over old cephalosporins such as cephalothin (CET) and cefazolin (CEZ) against Gram-positive cocci. However, all the new ones showed greater activities, broadened spectra, and/or both against Gram-negative bacilli, each offering unique advantages. S. aureus: Susceptible strains (MICs less than 15 micrograms/ml) to CET, CEZ, CTM, CFX and CMZ were 95%, 69%, 92%, 88% and 99%, respectively. Prevalence of resistance to CEZ was greater than to other cephalosporins, showing bimodal distribution of MICs. This may be due to more use of this drug in the past. Sensitive strains to benzylpenicillin (PCG), ampicillin (ABPC), sulbenicillin (SBPC) and piperacillin (PIPC) were 22 to 63%. A striking bimodal distribution of MICs of these penicillins was characteristic. Sensitive strains to various aminoglycosides and tetracyclines were 52 approximately 93% and 97 approximately 100%, respectively. S. pyogenes: 83 approximately 100% of strains were susceptible to various penicillins, CET and CEZ, whereas susceptible strains to CTM, CFX and CMZ were 66 approximately 90%. S. pneumoniae: Almost all strains (99%) were susceptible to PCG at the level less than 0.2 units/ml (0.12 microgram/ml). All strains were susceptible to various penicillins, cephalosporins, and cephamycins studied at the level less than 3 micrograms/ml. E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Proteus spp.: CTM, CFX and CMZ showed greater activity than CET and CEZ. Susceptible strains to the former antibiotics at the level less than 15 micrograms/ml were 93 approximately 94%, 82 approximately 95%, and 63 approximately 90%, respectively. Those to CET and CEZ were 61 approximately 83%, 85 approximately 92% and 53 approximately 58%, respectively. Among these cephalosporins, CMZ and CTM were the most effective, showing the least prevalence of resistance to these pathogens. H. influenzae: Susceptible strains (MICs less than 15 micrograms/ml) to ABPC, PIPC, CTM, CFX and CMZ were 80%, 81%, 84%, 55% and 71%, respectively. The majority of resistant strains to these beta-lactam antibiotics were sensitive to chloramphenicol, minocycline, doxycycline and erythromycin. P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens, E. aerogenes, Citrobacter and Achromobacter: CTM, CMZ and CFX were not effective against these pathogens.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6317908&dopt=Abstract
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1983 Feb;23(2):248-51.
Susceptibility of Nocardia asteroides to 46 antibiotics, including 22 beta-lactams.
Gutmann L, Goldstein FW, Kitzis MD, Hautefort B, Darmon C, Acar JF.
Twelve Nocardia asteroides isolates were tested for their susceptibility to 46 antibiotics by the agar dilution method. N-Formimidoyl thienamycin was the most active of 22 beta-lactam antibiotics, inhibiting 11 of the 12 strains at 1 microgram/ml. Penicillins, including ureidopenicillins, showed poor activity. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and especially cefuroxime had the best activities of the cephalosporins tested. Among the other antibiotics, amikacin and minocycline, respectively, inhibited all of the strains tested at 0.5 and 4 micrograms/ml.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6340602&dopt=Abstract
J Periodontol. 1983 Jul;54(7):420-30.
The periodontal microflora of juvenile diabetics. Culture, immunofluorescence, and serum antibody studies.
Mashimo PA, Yamamoto Y, Slots J, Park BH, Genco RJ.
These studies demonstrate a unique constellation of organisms populating the subgingival area in periodontitis lesions of patients with juvenile or insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). The cultivable microflora was predominated by Capnocytophaga and anaerobic vibrios in the patients studied. In some patients, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were also found. This distinguishes the subgingival flora of IDDM patients suffering from periodontitis from that of patients with localized juvenile periodontitis (LJP), and that of adult periodontitis patients. In LJP most patients harbor both A actinomycetemcomitans and Capnocytophaga subgingivally; and in periodontitis lesions from nondiabetic adults, black-pigmented Bacteroides such as B gingivalis or B melaninogenicus subspecies intermedius are often found. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns suggest that penicillin or tetracycline or its analogs such as minocycline may be effective against the predominant cultivable microflora in periodontal lesions of IDDM patients; however, individual patients may harbor flora with significant resistance to these antibiotics.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6350557&dopt=Abstract
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