Drugs online research references
Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992 Nov;36(11):2454-7.
Activity of clarithromycin alone or in combination with other drugs for treatment of murine toxoplasmosis.
Araujo FG, Prokocimer P, Lin T, Remington JS.
Research Institute, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, California 94301.
The activity of the macrolide antibiotic clarithromycin was examined alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of acute or chronic infections with Toxoplasma gondii in mice. A dose of 300 mg of clarithromycin per kg per day administered alone for 10 days, beginning 24 hours after infection, protected 10 to 30% of mice infected with lethal inocula of tachyzoites or tissue cysts of different strains of T. gondii, including some strains isolated from patients with both AIDS and toxoplasmosis. Although clarithromycin was protective, a wide variation in its activity against different strains was observed. Survival of infected mice was increased significantly by treatment with clarithromycin in combination with pyrimethamine or with sulfadiazine. Treatment of chronically infected mice with clarithromycin at 300 mg/kg/day administered alone for 8 weeks resulted in significant reduction in the numbers of T. gondii cysts in their brains. The combination of clarithromycin and minocycline resulted in an activity against T. gondii cysts that was significantly greater than the activity of clarithromycin or minocycline administered alone. These results indicate a role for clarithromycin in the treatment of human toxoplasmosis, particularly when this antibiotic is used in combination with other drugs with activity against T. gondii.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1489188&dopt=Abstract
Pathol Biol (Paris). 1992 May;40(5):455-60.
[Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of cyclines, macrolides and fluoroquinolones against Chlamydia trachomatis]
[Article in French]
Dailloux M, Villemain P.
Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Nancy-Brabois, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France.
The in vitro activity of minocycline, doxycycline, erythromycin, roxithromycin, spiramycin, pefloxacin, and ofloxacin against ten C. trachomatis strains recovered from human genital tract specimens was evaluated. Mac Coy cell monolayers in 24-microwell plates were used. The C. trachomatis inoculum was 10(4) IFU/well. Appropriate dilutions of antibiotic were added and inclusions were detected by immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibodies. MICs were determined after 48 hours of exposure to each antimicrobial. The MIC90 for cyclines was 0.2 mg/l. Among tested macrolides, roxithromycin had a lower MIC than erythromycin (0.2 versus 0.4 mg/l) whereas spiramycin inhibited growth only in a concentration of 2 mg/l. Ofloxacin showed better activity than pefloxacin. Bactericidal activity was evaluated by determining two parameters: MBC1 (without transfer to new cells) measured the ability of a C. trachomatis particle to persist in a latent form within cells exposed to an antibiotic and to grow again following removal of the antibiotic, whereas MBC2 (with transfer to new cells) reflected infectivity of the bacteria after 48 hours exposure to the antimicrobial. None of the tested antibiotics was bactericidal according to both parameters. The ability of C. trachomatis to remain within antibiotic-exposed cells in a latent form was clearly demonstrated by the high MBC1 values. This feature may explain why recurrences are common in clinical practice.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1495827&dopt=Abstract
Intern Med. 2004 Jan;43(1):49-54.
Improvement of chronic nonspecific symptoms by long-term minocycline treatment in Japanese patients with Coxiella burnetii infection considered to have post-Q fever fatigue syndrome.
Arashima Y, Kato K, Komiya T, Kumasaka K, Matsukawa Y, Murakami M, Takahashi K, Ikeda T, Arakawa Y.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo,
OBJECTIVE: To address the presence of post-Q fever fatigue syndrome (post-QFS) in Japan, and to evaluate the efficacy of minocycline for this condition. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 20 Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii) seropositive patients with persistent nonspecific symptoms including general fatigue, low-grade fever, myalgia and arthralgia, changes in subjective symptoms, C. burnetii antibody titers and C. burnetii DNA were evaluated after antibiotic treatment. RESULTS: After treatment mainly with minocycline (100 mg/day for 3 months), the clinical picture improved in all 20 patients as evidenced by decreases in body temperature (13/17), general fatigue (20/20) and headache (9/12). The mean performance status (PS) score improved from 5.0 to 1.8 (p<0.01). All 7 who had been positive for C. burnetii DNA, became negative together with an improvement in subjective symptoms. Indirect immunofluorescence tests demonstrated 6 of the 20 patients to be positive for C. burnetii IgM antibody to phase II antigen (1:32), and 18 to be positive for IgG antibody (1:128, 1:256). Antibody titers of both IgM (6/6, 1:16) and IgG (18/18, 1:16) decreased markedly after treatment. CONCLUSION: These results of an open label study in Japan suggest that minocycline administration is useful for improving chronic nonspecific symptoms considered to be post-Q fever fatigue syndrome caused by C. burnetii infection.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14964579&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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