Drugs online research references
Jpn J Antibiot. 1985 Aug;38(8):2163-70.
[Study on the drug sensitivity of multiple drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus]
[Article in Japanese]
Deguchi K, Fukayama S, Nishimura Y, Yokota N, Tanaka S, Oda S, Matsumoto Y, Ikegami R, Satoh K, Toyonaga Y, et al.
Of clinically isolated Staphylococcus aureus showing resistance to multiple drugs among penicillins (PCs), cephem antibiotics (CEPs), aminoglycosides (AGs), minocycline (MINO) and fosfomycin (FOM), 64 strains were selected for the determination of MIC. Twenty-one drugs were used for the determination of MIC, with ampicillin (ABPC), cloxacillin (MCIPC), cephalothin (CET), cefazolin (CEZ), cefotiam (CTM), cefuroxime (CXM), cefamandole (CMD), cefotaxime (CTX), ceftizoxime (CZX), cefmenoxime (CMX), cefmetazole (CMZ), cefoxitin (CFX), latamoxef (LMOX), cefotetan (CTT), cefoperazone (CPZ), gentamicin (GM), dibekacin (DKB), tobramycin (TOB), amikacin (AMK), MINO, and FOM. MIC80 of each drug at 10(6) CFU/ml were: ABPC, MCIPC, CEZ, CTM, CXM, CTX, CZX, CMX, CFX, LMOX, CTT, CPZ, GM, DKB and TOB greater than 100 micrograms/ml; CET 50 micrograms/ml; CMD and AMK 25 micrograms/ml; CMZ 12.5 micrograms/ml; FOM 6.25 micrograms/ml; and MINO 0.78 micrograms/ml. The ratio of highly resistant strains with MIC greater than 100 micrograms/ml at 10(6) CFU/ml varied according to drug, and a difference tended to be seen in the degree of influence by resistant factors reflected upon MIC, e.g. drugs for which a high resistance of more than 50% was confirmed were ABPC, CXM, CZX, LMOX and TOB, and 20 approximately 30% MCIPC, CTM, CTX, CMX and CFX. MIC on MCIPC which has a correlation of structural activity with methicillin correlated with cephems (CEPs) resistance to a high degree, but many of the so-called new CEPs showed resistance even to the strains with a low MIC on MCIPC. It was assumed that CEPs resistant strains have multiple drug resistant factors based on the fact that such strains showed multiple drug resistance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3852898&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Periodontol. 1985 Mar;12(3):201-8.
Susceptibility of human oral anaerobic bacteria to antibiotics suitable for topical use.
Baker PJ, Evans RT, Slots J, Genco RJ.
17 antibiotics, with potential for topical use, were tested for their activity against the human oral flora. Concentrations (mumol/l) required to inhibit 90% of test strains are presented and drug activities are compared. The total cultivable oral flora was susceptible to the tetracyclines including tetracycline itself, minocycline, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline and to erythromycin. On the other hand, actinobolin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spiramycin, tyrothricin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and chloramphenicol were ineffective against many of the human oral anaerobic bacteria even at high concentration. Penicillin was effective at high concentrations but could not be recommended because organisms which are not inhibited by low concentrations are penicillinase producers. Carbenicillin was effective against all organisms except Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans. The gram-negative organisms involved in adult periodontitis were most susceptible to the tetracyclines, tyrothricin, carbenicillin and clindamycin, while those associated with localized juvenile periodontitis were susceptible to the tetracyclines or erythromycin. These data, combined with the previous findings that some tetracyclines exhibit marked substantivity and collagenase inhibition activity, indicate that tetracycline or minocycline are likely to be good choices in the treatment or prevention of oral diseases.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3856575&dopt=Abstract
J Dent Res. 1985 Oct;64(10):1233-44.
Antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity.
Baker PJ, Evans RT, Slots J, Genco RJ.
Anaerobic, agar-dilution, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics are given for the numerically important bacterial groups from the human oral cavity. Strains are divided into susceptibility categories using the guidelines for interpretation of MICs suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. These guidelines are based on data on antibiotic concentrations attainable in serum following various dosage regimens. MICs are also compared with attainable gingival fluid levels where these are known. The highest percentages of strains were susceptible to tetracycline, with 89% of the 139 strains tested susceptible to serum levels and 97% conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels. Ninety-eight percent of strains were conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels of minocycline, but many strains, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, were only moderately susceptible to attainable serum levels of this tetracycline analogue. Carbenicillin was effective against most groups of organisms, with the important exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans, at serum levels attainable with oral formulations of carbenicillin. Only 2% of the total strains tested were resistant to penicillin, while 33% of strains were categorized as moderately susceptible. Clindamycin was active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria but was not active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, some Bacteroides, Eikenella corrodens, or the anaerobic vibrios. Metronidazole was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, all five groups of oral Bacteroides tested, and against Capnocytophaga species. Chloramphenicol was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, but not against most of the other groups of oral organisms. Nearly all groups contained strains non-susceptible to serum levels attainable with the usual doses of erythromycin, spiramycin, vancomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, or chlortetracycline; several strains were resistant to maximum attainable serum levels of each of these antibiotics except doxycycline.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3861655&dopt=Abstract
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