Drugs online research references
Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1986 Dec;163(6):561-7.
Antibiotic levels in the small intestine.
Thadepalli H, Mandal AK, Prabhala RH, Brown J.
It is unknown if parenteral antibiotics commonly used for prophylaxis reach adequate therapeutic levels in the intestinal tissue to inhibit the growth of bacteria, such as Escherichia coli and Bacteroids fragilis, commonly associated with injury to the gastrointestinal tract. We have designed an experiment using dogs to study this problem. We considered an antibiotic to be effective if a single dose reached increased levels in the intestinal tissue to inhibit the growth of the majority of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides fragilis strains isolated from the gastrointestinal tract. Of 14 different antibiotics studied, we conclude that carbenicillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, cefbuperazone and cefoxitin as single drugs and Timentin (ticarcillin with clavulanic acid) and clindamycin with gentamicin and co-trimoxazole (trimethoprium and sulfamethoxazole) achieved therapeutic levels. Azlocillin, cefoperazone, cefmenoxime and minocycline failed to achieve significant concentrations. This experiment using dogs was extremely useful to determine the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in the small intestine and to predict the efficacy of antibiotics considered for prophylaxis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3538455&dopt=Abstract
Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 1987 Feb;335(2):200-3.
An inhibitory action of tetracyclines on guinea-pig myenteric plexus.
Anadon A, Martinez-Larranaga MR.
In plexus containing preparations of the longitudinal muscle of the guinea-pig ileum, an inhibitory action of tetracyclines on twitch-responses to electrical field stimulation was found. Tetracycline, chlortetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline, but not oxytetracycline (0.02 to 1.6 mmol/l) caused a concentration-dependent presynaptic inhibition of acetylcholine release. The inhibitory effect of the tetracyclines was also obtained after ganglion block by hexamethonium (30 mumol/l). The inhibitory effect of the tetracyclines was not antagonized by piperoxan (2 mumol/l) or yohimbine (1 mumol/l) and was partly reduced by the presence of naloxone (1 to 50 nmol/l). After exposing the preparation the peptidase inhibitors, i.e., to the combination of bestatin (10 mumol/l), captopril (10 mumol/l) and thiorphan (0.3 mumol/l), the inhibitory effect of tetracyclines was significantly increased. From these results it would appear that twitch-inhibition caused by tetracycline, chlortetracycline, minocycline and doxycycline is mainly mediated via the release of endogenous opioids from the myenteric plexus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3550480&dopt=Abstract
greb.ulaval.ca
Three tetracyclines (tetracycline, doxycycline, and minocycline) were found to possess iron-chelating activity in a colorimetric siderophore assay. Determination of MICs indicated that the activity of doxycycline against the periodontopathogen Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was only slightly influenced by the presence of an excess of iron that likely saturates the antibiotic. On the other hand, the MICs of doxycycline and minocycline were significantly lower for A. actinomycetemcomitans cultivated under iron-poor conditions than under iron-rich conditions.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10681353&dopt=Abstract
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