Drugs online research references
Biomed Mass Spectrom. 1981 Jul;8(7):322-6.
Selected ion monitoring of metoprolol and two metabolites in plasma and urine using deuterated internal standards.
Ervik M, Hoffmann KJ, Kylberg-Hanssen K.
A highly sensitive and specific quantitative assay for metoprolol and two of its metabolites, containing an unchanged 2-hydroxy-4-isopropylaminopropoxy sidechain, has been developed. The compounds are isolated from the alkalized sample (plasma or urine) by extraction with dichloromethane, and converted to trifluoroacetyl derivatives by reaction with methyl-bis-(trifluoroacetamide). The reaction mixture is gas chromatographed on an OV-17 column and each substance is assayed by electron impact mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring, and quantified by comparing the intensity of fragment ion m/z 266 with the intensities of corresponding fragment ions from the deuterated internal standards (m/z 270 and 271). It is possible to determine concentrations as low as 1 nmol l-1 (0.3 ng ml-1) in 1 ml of sample with relative standard deviation of less than 10%.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7284572&dopt=Abstract
J Ethnopharmacol. 1988 Dec;24(2-3):167-78.
Effects of sophoramine, an alkaloid from Sophora alopecuroides on isolated dog blood vessels.
Bian K, Toda N.
Department of Pharmacology, Shiga University of Medical Sciences, Ohtsu, Japan.
In helical strips of dog mesenteric, coronary and cerebral arteries and mesenteric veins contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha, sophoramine (10(-4) and 10(-3) M) produced a concentration-related relaxation, which was not influenced by treatment with indomethacin, atropine, aminophylline, propranolol, metoprolol, cimetidine, ouabain and methylene blue, and also not by removal of endothelium. Relaxations induced by sophoramine did not differ in strips of proximal and distal coronary arteries. Contractile responses to transmural stimulation in mesenteric arteries and veins were potentiated by treatment with sophoramine (10(-4) M). Treatment with cocaine, indomethacin, propranolol and saralasin did not alter the potentiating effect of sophoramine, whereas yohimbine, an alpha 2 adrenoceptor antagonist, attenuated it. Sophoramine did not significantly affect the contractile response to norepinephrine in mesenteric arteries and veins and the response to phenylephrine and clonidine in mesenteric veins. Sophoramine appears to non-specifically dilate dog arteries and veins and to facilitate the release of transmitter norepinephrine from adrenergic nerves via a mechanism of action on the prejunctional site sensitive to yohimbine.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3253487&dopt=Abstract
Basic Res Cardiol. 1991;86 Suppl 1:33-41.
Cellular morphology in mesenteric resistance vessels from antihypertensive treated spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Korsgaard N, Christensen KL, Mulvany MJ.
Department of Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Denmark.
The effects on media smooth muscle cell size of long-term antihypertensive treatment with four different drugs were studied in isolated segments of mesenteric resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) using an unbiased stereological principle (the "disector"). Young SHRs were treated from age 4 weeks to 24 weeks with metoprolol (130 mg/kg/day), isradipine (42 mg/kg/day), captopril (60 mg/kg/day) or perindopril (1.5 mg/kg/day). At 24 weeks, when all drugs had lowered the blood pressure in SHRs compared to untreated controls (order of efficacy perindopril greater than captopril greater than isradipine greater than metoprolol), random arterial samples were taken from the mesenteric vascular bed close to the intestine and mounted on an isometric myograph, allowing standardized measurements of vascular dimensions. Although, taken together, the four treatments reduced blood pressure as well as the media:lumen ratio of the vessels and the number of cell layers, there was no significant effect of the treatments, taken together, on cell volume, cell number or on the ratio between interstitium and cells. However, cell volume correlated with blood pressure (P less than 0.05), suggesting that the most effective treatments (perindopril and captopril) had inhibited cell growth. It is, however, not clear whether the effect on cell volume was a specific effect of the drugs used, or whether it was only due to the blood pressure reduction.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2036095&dopt=Abstract
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