Drugs online research references
Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1990 Sep;41(1):27-33.
Free radical generation, lipid peroxidation and essential fatty acids in uncontrolled essential hypertension.
Prabha PS, Das UN, Koratkar R, Sagar PS, Ramesh G.
Department of Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India.
Vascular endothelium produces prostacyclin (PG12) and endothelium-derived vascular relaxing factor (EDRF), which are potent vasodilators and hence, may have a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Both PG12 and EDRF are readily degraded by free radicals, especially superoxide anion. Hence, we studied free radical generation and lipid peroxidation in patients with uncontrolled essential hypertension. It was observed that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and the levels of lipid peroxides (measured by thiobarbituric acid assay) were higher in uncontrolled hypertensives compared to controls. Both free radical generation and the levels of lipid peroxides reverted to normal values when assayed after the control of hypertension. The calcium antagonist, verapamil, and beta-1 blocker, metoprolol, at the doses used inhibited free radical generation by phorbolmyristate acetate-stimulated PMNs. On the other hand, angiotensin II augmented free radical generation in normal PMN. In addition, it was also observed that both linoleic acid and arachidonic acid levels are low in the plasma of patients with hypertension compared to controls. These results suggest that increase in free radical generation by PMN and alterations in the plasma concentrations of essential fatty acids are closely associated with uncontrolled hypertension.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2174565&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1987 Jan 5;82(1A):31-5.
Comparison of effects on lipid metabolism of antihypertensive drugs with alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonist properties.
Leren P.
Elevated blood cholesterol levels are a major cause of coronary heart disease. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is regarded as a protective cholesterol fraction that is negatively associated with the incidence of coronary heart disease. Thus, the ratio of high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol levels is an expression of the total atherogenicity--the higher the ratio, the lower the risk of coronary heart disease. There is a sharp contrast between alpha- and beta-adrenergic blockers with regard to their effect on the profile of blood lipids. In most studies, alpha blockers increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreased serum triglyceride levels. In addition, alpha blockers generally reduce total serum cholesterol levels. On the other hand, most beta blockers reduce serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increase serum triglyceride levels. European clinical trials recently investigated the effects of alpha blockers and beta blockers on blood lipids in a total of 104 and 281 patients with hypertension, respectively. On the average, selective alpha blockade increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol:total cholesterol ratio by 11.3 percent and reduced serum triglyceride levels by 11.4 percent. In contrast, the selective and nonselective beta-adrenergic blockers atenolol, metoprolol, and propranolol reduced that ratio by 11.7 percent and increased serum triglyceride levels by 25.8 percent. This difference between alpha and beta blockers may significantly influence the risk profile of coronary heart disease and should be given strong consideration when choosing drug therapy for hypertensive patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2879461&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977 Mar;200(3):598-605.
Differential inhibition of lipolysis in human adipose tissue by adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs.
Frisk-Holmberg M, Ostman J.
The effects of various adrenergic beta receptor agonists and antagonists on lipolysis (measured as glycerol release) in human adipose tissue in vitro were studied. Of the agonists investigated, the potency rank order was isoproteronol greater than norepinephrine greater than salbutamol. Adrenergic beta receptor blocking drugs inhibited catecholamineinduced lipolysis competitively. Propranolol was the overall most effective compound, followed by metoprolol, alprenolol and practolol, whereas butoxamine and H35/25 were weak inhibitors. The results indicate that the adrenergic reciptor mediating lipolysis in human adipose tissue is of type beta-1. Basal and theophylline-induced lipolysis was reduced when higher concentrations of these drug were used.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15099&dopt=Abstract
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