Drugs online research references
Fortschr Med. 1990 May 10;108(14):270-2.
[Silent myocardial ischemia--risk for sports in coronary groups?]
[Article in German]
Rost R, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Meyer C, Webering F, Sepehrmanesch M.
Institut fur Kreislaufforschung und Sportmedizin, Deutschen Sporthochschule Koln.
The present discussion of SMI is of major impact on physical active coronary patients, since SMI during physical training could represent a potential risk factor. We carried out an investigation in 107 coronary patients of ambulant coronary groups (ACG) on the incidence of SMI during exercise testing and Holter monitoring (HM) including a training unit. With both techniques in approximately 1/3 of the patients SMI could be observed, when coronary medication was omitted. However the concordance of these two positive groups was found to be remarkably low. During HM SMI was found within the training units nearly as frequent as during normal daily life. By beta blockade (100 mg metoprolol) exercise SMI during HM was suppressed in 2/3. Our conclusion was that SMI is not of major significance in pharmacologically well controlled participants in ACG.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2373454&dopt=Abstract
Acta Physiol Scand. 1997 Jan;159(1):23-32.
No further improvement of ischaemic myocardial metabolism by combining preconditioning with beta-blockade: an in vivo experimental study in the pig heart using a microdialysis technique.
Wikstrom BG, Ronquist G, Waldenstrom A.
Department of Cardiology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
Adenine nucleotides, lactate and pyruvate were monitored by microdialysis in pig hearts, comprising four experimental groups. Two preconditioned groups, one beta-blocked by metoprolol (0.3 mg kg-1 body wt; n = 6) and the other (n = 7) without beta-blockade. Two groups were not preconditioned, one beta-blocked (n = 6) and one without beta-blockade (n = 7). Probes were inserted into ischaemic and non-ischaemic myocardium. Preconditioning consisted of four consecutive 10 min periods of ischaemia each separated by 20 min of reperfusion. All animals were subjected to 40 min of index ischaemia followed by 25 min of reperfusion. Myocardial cAMP content was determined in biopsies after the final reperfusion and was found low in the beta-blocked groups. Lactate levels during index ischaemia exceeded the basal level 4-6 fold in dialysate. Adenosine concentration reached 12 mumol L-1 during the first preconditioning period while an attenuation was typical for the following three preconditioning periods. The sum of the concentrations of adenosine inosine and hypoxanthine was significantly lower during index ischaemia in the preconditioned groups displaying a peak value of 115 mumol L-1. The corresponding value for unpreconditioned hearts was 230 mumol L-1. The part of adenosine was 5% and less than 1%, respectively. Pyruvate concentration decreased during each brief ischaemic period of preconditioning rising to a higher level of reperfusion. The decrease in pyruvate was smaller in the controls during index ischaemia. The effects of beta-blockade and preconditioning on ischaemic metabolism were comparable and the results of the two treatments were not additive in this respect.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9124067&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Pharmacol. 1989 May 19;164(2):293-302.
Ginkgolide B protects isolated hearts against arrhythmias induced by ischemia but not reperfusion.
Koltai M, Tosaki A, Hosford D, Braquet P.
Institut Henri Beaufour, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.
The effect of ginkgolide B (BN 52021), a specific platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist, applied in doses of 1.5, 3.0, 6.0 X 10(-5) and 1.2 X 10(-4) mol/l, in comparison to that of metoprolol (10(-5) mol/l) and diltiazem (10(-7) mol/l), two widely used antiarrhythmic agents, on ischemia- and reperfusion-induced arrhythmias and heart functions, such as heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF), aortic flow (AF), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), its first derivative (LVdp/dtmax), and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in isolated working rat hearts was examined. BN 52021 caused a dose-related protection against dysrhythmias, such as ventricular fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and premature ventricular beats induced by ischemia (30 min ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery). The antiarrhythmic effect of BN 52021 given in a dose of 6.0 X 10(-5) mol/l was comparable to that of diltiazem and superior to the activity of metoprolol. None of the drugs influenced reperfusion-induced rhythm disturbances. BN 52021 did not alter heart functions, while metoprolol reduced (LVEDP only, and diltiazem increased CF, decreased AF, LVDP, and LVdp/dtmax during regional ischemia, indicating a negative inotropic effect. The antiarrhythmic effect of BN 52021 appears to be related to an antagonism of an increase in slow calcium influx induced by PAF in myocardial cells. Similarly to the mechanism of action of established antiarrhythmic drugs, BN 52021 can presumably prevent the re-entry mechanism involved in the development of ischemia-induced rhythm disturbances.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2759177&dopt=Abstract
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