Drugs online research references
J Pharm Sci. 1992 Jul;81(7):670-5.
Factors affecting iontophoretic mobility of metoprolol.
Thysman S, Preat V, Roland M.
Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galenique, Ecole de Pharmacie, Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
The effect of different factors on the iontophoretic transport of metoprolol was analyzed. In vitro experiments were first performed in a diffusion cell with a cellophane membrane. Comparison of different pH, buffers, and ionic strengths in the donor compartment showed that higher iontophoretic transport was obtained with phthalate buffer (0.01 M) at pH 3. When the current density increased, the flux of metoprolol also increased. A decrease in drug concentration or an increase in viscosity slowed down the iontophoretic transport of metoprolol. The fluxes of metoprolol through hairless rat skin were strongly enhanced compared with passive diffusion. Direct current seemed to be more efficient than pulse current. When the on:off ratio of the pulse current was reduced, the flux also decreased.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1403702&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacogenetics. 1992 Apr;2(2):89-92.
Evidence for a dissociation in the control of sparteine, debrisoquine and metoprolol metabolism in Nigerians.
Lennard MS, Iyun AO, Jackson PR, Tucker GT, Woods HF.
University Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK.
The 0-8 hour urinary distributions of the metabolic ratios of sparteine (100 mg), debrisoquine (10 mg) and metoprolol (100 mg) were measured in 165 healthy, unrelated, black Nigerian medical students. There was a weak correlation (rs = 0.51, p < 0.001; n = 82) between the metoprolol/alpha-hydroxymetoprolol (M/HM) and the sparteine/total (2- + 5-) dehydrosparteine (S/DHS) ratios. No significant correlations were found between the debrisoquine/4-hydroxydebrisoquine (D/HD) and M/HM ratios (rs = 0.16, n = 33) and between the D/HD and S/DHS ratios (rs = 0.31, n = 38). Both visual inspection and kernel density analysis of the data suggested the presence of two phenotypic groups for sparteine oxidation, with 4% of the population studied being putative poor metabolizers. In contrast biomodality was not apparent in the distribution of the log10M/HM and log10D/HD ratios. These findings provide evidence for a dissociation in the control of metoprolol, sparteine and debrisoquine oxidation in Nigerians and highlight the difficulties in the interpretation of data from pharmacogenetic studies in different ethnic groups.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1302046&dopt=Abstract
Am J Physiol. 1991 Dec;261(6 Pt 2):H1734-9.
Behavioral arousal enhances inducibility and rate of ventricular tachycardia.
Kirby DA, Pinto JM, Hottinger S, Johnson DA, Lown B.
Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Behavioral arousal may trigger malignant cardiac arrhythmias. To study the effect of arousal on ventricular tachycardia, pigs were instrumented with catheters to measure mean arterial pressure and sample plasma catecholamines and left anterior descending coronary artery snares for occlusion 1 wk later. Bipolar pacing catheters were placed in the right ventricular apex to induce ventricular tachycardia. One week after occlusion, electrophysiological testing was repeated before and immediately after arousal caused either by restraining and lifting the pig in a canvas sling or by bringing a stall mate into the room. The number of stimuli needed to induce monomorphic ventricular tachycardia was reduced by both types of arousal (P less than 0.05) compared with control conditions. Ventricular tachycardia rate was increased 60 +/- 17 beats/min after lifting stimulation (P less than 0.05). When beta 1-receptor blockade was induced by metoprolol, inducibility of ventricular tachycardia and rate were not different from control. Thus, in pigs, arousal may facilitate arrhythmogenesis. This effect may be mediated by sympathetic neural activity in the heart because it was annulled by beta 1-adrenergic blockade.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1661087&dopt=Abstract
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