Drugs online research references
Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990 Sep;30(3):437-41.
A comparison of a short half-life marker (low-dose isoniazid), a long half-life pharmacological indicator (low-dose phenobarbitone) and measurements of a controlled release 'therapeutic drug' (metoprolol, Metoros) in reflecting incomplete compliance by volunteers.
Hardy E, Kumar S, Peaker S, Feely M, Pullar T.
University Department of Medicine, University of Leeds.
1. Although, long half-life compounds appear to be more appropriate pharmacological indicators of compliance with treatment, short half-life markers or measurements of short half-life therapeutic drugs are frequently used. 2. We have compared the usefulness of low-dose phenobarbitone (a long half-life indicator), low dose isoniazid (a short half-life marker) and controlled release metoprolol (Metros) (a controlled release formulation of a short half-life 'therapeutic' drug) in seven volunteers with simulated partial (two thirds) compliance. 3. Detection of isoniazid metabolites in urine had an 83% sensitivity and 94% specificity for detecting ingestion within the previous 24 h and 100% sensitivity and 82% specificity for detecting ingestion within the past 6 h but gave no indication of the longer term pattern of compliance. 4. At 28 days (a time when steady-state would be obtained for all three drugs) phenobarbitone plasma levels were 70% (66-76%)--median and interquartile range--of the expected steady-state level if compliance had been complete. Corresponding figures for metoprolol were 82% (37-100%). 5. Measurement of phenobarbitone was much superior to isoniazid or metoprolol measurements in reflecting partial compliance over the previous 1 to 4 weeks.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2223422&dopt=Abstract
Eur Surg Res. 1987;19(1):23-30.
Effects of beta-blocking agents on urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine during experimental hyperthyroidism in rats.
Angeras U, Jagenburg R, Lindstedt G, Hasselgren PO.
Beta-blocking agents are increasingly used as preoperative treatment of hyperthyroid patients. Relatively little is known about the effects of these drugs on metabolic alterations in hyperthyroidism. The aim of this investigation was to study the effects of two different beta-blocking agents on the urinary excretion of 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) during experimental hyperthyroidism in rats. Experimental hyperthyroidism was induced by daily intraperitoneal injections of triiodothyronine (T3; 100 micrograms/100 g body weight) for 3 days. Control animals were injected with corresponding volumes of solvent. Groups of rats received food enriched with metoprolol (8.8 mmol/kg of diet) or propranolol (3.3 mmol/kg of diet) or food without additions. Urinary 3-MH excretion was increased by about 40% during experimental hyperthyroidism. A similar increase of 3-MH excretion was found in animals receiving T3 + metoprolol, whereas the excretion of 3-MH was reduced to control level in hyperthyroid rats receiving propranolol. No effects of metoprolol or propranolol on 3-MH excretion were found in control animals. Although the source of 3-MH cannot be exactly defined, the present results indicate that increased proteolysis in skeletal muscle and/or other tissues during experimental hyperthyroidism was reduced by propranolol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2878810&dopt=Abstract
J Neural Transm. 1979;44(3):187-95.
Long-term haloperidol-treatment of mice: a change in beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness.
Dunstan R, Jackson DM.
Mice administered haloperidol 3 mg/kg/day in their drinking water for 21 days were tested for their locomotor responsiveness to saline or acid vehicle, dl-, l- or d-propranolol, metoprolol, butoxamine or practolol. Haloperidol-treated animals administered saline or acid-vehicle were, in five of six experiments, more active than animals withdrawn from vehicle-treatment. Haloperidol- and vehicle-treated animals responded differently to the non-selective beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (dl-propranolol and l-propranolol) and selective beta1-adrenoreceptor antagonists (practolol and metoprolol), but not to a selective beta2-adrenoreceptor antagonist (butoxamine). With dl-propranolol (4 mg/kg) the locomotor activity of haloperidol-treated animals was significantly (0.01 less than P less than 0.02) greater than that of the vehicle-treated animals. Similar effects in the same direction were seen with l-propranolol (1 mg/kg, 0.005 less than P less than 0.01), practolol (10 and 100 mg/kg, 0.025 less than P less than 0.05 and 0.01 less than P less than 0.025 respectively) and metoprolol 8 mg/kg, 0.005 less than P less than 0.01). The d-isomer of propranolol which is about 50 times less active as a beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist than the l-isomer, although having equal membrane stabilizing effects, did not differentially affect haloperidol- or vehicle-treated groups. The results suggest that there has been a change in beta 1-adrenoreceptor responsiveness in animals withdrawn from long-term haloperidol treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=35585&dopt=Abstract
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