Drugs online research references
J Pharm Sci. 1984 Jun;73(6):751-4.
Analysis of oxprenolol in formulations by high-performance liquid chromatography.
El-Yazigi A.
A simple, accurate, and rapid high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the analysis of oxprenolol in commercial formulations is described. The analysis was performed on a cyano radial compression cartridge, with 0.0539 M, pH 3 phosphate buffer-acetonitrile-methanol (76: 15.6:8.4) as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 5 mL/min, with detection at 272 nm; the mobile phase was employed for extraction. The assay was applied to the content uniformity test of three oxprenolol hydrochloride tablet formulations of different strengths and the contents of a 2-mg dry ampule for intravenous/intramuscular injection. The percent of label claim for each formulation tested was within 91.7-110%. The applicability of this assay to the analysis of some other beta-blocking drugs was investigated. It was found that under the above conditions, atenolol, metoprolol, oxprenolol, and propranolol can be fully resolved in less than 3 min.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6145788&dopt=Abstract
Acta Physiol Scand. 1995 Mar;153(3):231-41.
Fluid and protein secretion from ferret submandibular and parotid glands in response to sympathetic nerve stimulation or administration of sympathomimetics.
Tobin G, Mirfendereski S, Ahstrom T, Ekstrom J.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Goteborg University, Sweden.
Electrical stimulation of the sympathetic innervation evoked secretion of submandibular and parotid saliva. By changing the mode of stimulation from a continuous to an intermittent one the fluid response increased and glandular blood flow improved. The volumes from the submandibular glands were larger than those from the parotid glands and further, the protein concentration of submandibular saliva was higher than that of parotid saliva. Adrenaline, isoprenaline and phenylephrine evoked larger fluid responses from submandibular than from parotid glands. However, the fluid response was small compared to the parasympathetic one. Substance P-evoked saliva was used as carrier for protein released by sympathetic nerve stimulation or administration of adrenaline and isoprenaline. In vitro tissues of submandibular and parotid glands responded to adrenaline with a dose-dependent release of protein. Taken together, the analytical pharmacology performed in vivo and in vitro, and including the antagonists phentolamine, dihydroergotamine, propranolol and metoprolol, showed that in submandibular glands, alpha(alpha 1)adrenoceptors were predominantly involved in fluid secretion and beta(beta 1)-adrenoceptors predominantly involved in protein secretion. In parotid glands, fluid secretion seemed solely to depend on alpha(alpha 1)-adrenoceptors, while beta(beta 1)-adrenoceptors seemed almost solely involved in protein secretion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7625175&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacol Toxicol. 1997 Apr;80(4):167-70.
Age might influence the frequency distribution of metoprolol hydroxylation polymorphism in a Chinese population.
Wan J, Xie YH, Xia H, Lu YQ.
Department of Pharmacology, Hunan Medical University, Changsha, China.
The frequency distribution of the 8-hour urinary ratio of metoprolol/alpha-hydroxymetoprolol (MR) was investigated in 206 healthy rural Chinese volunteers. The frequency of the poor metabolizer phenotype of metoprolol alpha-hydroxylation was 0% in this Chinese population. When the 206 subjects were subgrouped into four groups by age, the excretion of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol was significantly lower in the subjects with age older than 41 years compared to two younger groups (16-30 years), and the metoprolol hydroxylation metabolic ratio(metoprolol/a-hydroxymetoprolol, MR) was higher in these middle-aged subjects, indicating that age may affect the frequency distribution of the 8-hour urinary MR or log MR, although multiple regression analysis did not show a significant correlation between age, urine volume and MR. Also, a significant correlation was found between age and the excretion (percentage of dose) of alpha-hydroxymetoprolol in 8-hour urine (r = 0.259, P < 0.001). On the other hand, both multiple regression analysis and nonparametric tests showed that the larger the amount of urine excreted, the more metoprolol was recovered, demonstrating that the urinary excretion of unchanged metoprolol is renal flow-limited.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9140135&dopt=Abstract
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