Drugs online research references
J Chromatogr. 1990 Sep 21;516(2):415-26.
Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of aliphatic amines. Studies on the selectivity and symmetry with three different columns using carbon dioxide or nitrous oxide as mobile phase.
Gyllenhaal O, Vessman J.
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical R & D, AB Hassle, Molndal, Sweden.
The supercritical fluid chromatography of intact aliphatic amines with different columns is described. One group of amines was based on N,N-dimethyl-n-octylamine and related primary and secondary amines, and the other on the amino alcohol metoprolol and several of its analogues. Columns with three different phases were investigated, one non-polar coated with 5% phenyl methyl polysiloxane and two more polar with 25% cyanopropyl methylphenyl polysiloxane and Carbowax 20M. Generally, equal molar amounts were injected under splitless conditions and the peak symmetry was recorded. The system with the non-polar silicone phase was more inert, followed by the wax-phase column. The cyanopropyl column gave severe peak tailing although it was loaded with five times more of the amines than the other columns. The selectivity was investigated and was found higher with the two polar columns. Both showed a marked increase in the retention of amines with free hydrogens. With nitrous oxide the selectivity was almost the same as that with carbon dioxide as mobile phase. The nature of the flame ionization detector changed, however, giving a negative baseline drift on pressure programming. An interesting conclusion is that the amines are chromatographed as such with carbon dioxide as the mobile phase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2127778&dopt=Abstract
N Z Med J. 1980 Nov 26;92(672):389-90.
Atenolol in hypertension: follow-up of patients crossed over to this agent from propranolol, pindolol or metoprolol.
Frewin DB, Penhall RK, Leonello PP, Clapp RJ.
Thirty hypertensive patients treated with a drug regimen which contained a beta-receptor antagonist (either propranolol, pindolol or metoprolol) exhibited an improvement in blood pressure control when atenolol was substituted for the corresponding beta-blocker in the drug regimen. Additional benefits noted were a reduction in concomitant drug therapy and an improvement in reported side effects. Atenolol caused a significant decrease in heart rate in the group for which the mean follow-up period was 23.6 months.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6937768&dopt=Abstract
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1988 Jul;246(1):316-21.
Effects of repeated footshock stress on the chronotropic responsiveness of the isolated pacemaker of the rat: role of beta-2 adrenoceptors.
Bassani RA, de Moraes S.
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
The effects of repeated footshock stress on the chronotropic responsiveness of the isolated right atria were studied. Repeated footshock stress was found to produce supersensitivity to isoproterenol and epinephrine (increase of 4.6- and 1.99-fold at pD2 level, respectively), but not to norepinephrine. Experiments using salbutamol, in the presence of an effective blocking concentration of metoprolol, showed that footshock stress increases the sensitivity (2.69-fold at pD2 level) to the selective beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist. Footshock stress had no effect on the atrial sensitivity to theophylline (1.09-fold at pD2 level). Addition of butoxamine (1 microM) suppressed footshock-induced pacemaker supersensitivity to isoproterenol and epinephrine. Footshock stress causes a small (3.23-fold) but pharmacologically unimportant increase in pacemaker pA2 value of metoprolol. However, footshock stress induces a large increase in the pacemaker beta-2 adrenoceptor affinity for butoxamine (11.48-fold, pA2 value). It is concluded that repeated footshock stress acts primarily to increase the chronotropic function of pacemaker beta-2 adrenoceptors, thus causing supersensitivity to isoproterenol, epinephrine and salbutamol.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2839667&dopt=Abstract
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