Drugs online research references
Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1985 May;29(4):363-70.
Cardiovascular effects of enflurane and asphyxia during long-term beta 1-adrenoceptor blockade.
Henriksson BA, Biber B, Haggendal J, Lundberg D, Ponten J, Rosen KG.
The haemodynamic effects of enflurane (1.7% and 3.4% expiratory concentrations) were investigated in sheep (n = 6) pretreated with an infusion of metoprolol (0.2 mg X kg-1 X h-1 for 5 days) and in control animals (n = 6). Chloralose was used as basal anaesthetic. A 90 s apnoea period was included in the experiment to evaluate further the possible side-effects of long-term metoprolol treatment in combination with enflurane anaesthesia. MAC 1.0 for enflurane in the sheep was found at 1.45% end-tidal concentration by separate measurements. Before enflurane administration, the only significant differences between the two groups of animals were a lower systemic vascular resistance and a higher stroke volume during metoprolol treatment. Enflurane abolished these discrepancies in a dose-dependent fashion and similar cardiovascular depression was observed in both groups of animals at 3.4% expiratory concentration of enflurane. Metoprolol did not significantly affect the hypertensive response to apnoea during chloralose anaesthesia alone. At enflurane 1.7% expiratory concentration the apnoea response was small and only the metoprolol-treated animals showed a significant increase in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. We conclude that 5 days of pretreatment with metoprolol in the sheep model does not significantly impair cardiovascular performance during enflurane anaesthesia.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2861701&dopt=Abstract
J Chromatogr. 1987 May 15;416(2):331-9.
Rapid determination of the enantiomers of metoprolol, oxprenolol and propranolol in urine.
Pflugmann G, Spahn H, Mutschler E.
A method is described that makes possible the rapid determination of the enantiomers of beta-blocking agents. After extraction from urine samples (at pH 9.9) using toluene, the enantiomers are derivatised with S-(+)-benoxaprofen chloride. The chromatographic separation can be performed on thin-layer plates with toluene-acetone as mobile phase. The derivatives can be detected by measuring the fluorescence (lambda ex = 313 nm,lambda em = 365 nm).
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3611264&dopt=Abstract
Br J Pharmacol. 1982 Jun;76(2):265-70.
beta-Adrenoceptor agonists enhance 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated behavioural responses.
Cowen PJ, Grahame-Smith DG, Green AR, Heal DJ.
The beta-adrenoceptor agonists, salbutamol, terbutaline and clenbuterol, were investigated for their effect on 5-hydroxytryptamine-mediated (5-HT) hyperactivity. 2 The lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor agonist, clenbuterol (5 mg/kg) enhanced the behaviours induced by quipazine (25 mg/kg), including headweaving, forepaw treading and hind-limb abduction and thus increased automated activity recording. Clenbuterol (5 mg/kg) also enhanced the hyperactivity syndrome produced by the 5-HT agonist, 5-methoxy N,N-dimethyltryptamine (2 mg/kg) and the combination of tranylcypromine (10 mg/kg) and L-tryptophan (50 mg/kg). Salbutamol and terbutaline potentiated quipazine-induced hyperactivity only when given at the higher dose of 20 mg/kg. 3 The effect of clenbuterol in enhancing quipazine hyperactivity was blocked by the centrally acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, metoprolol (5 mg/kg), but not by the beta 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, butoxamine (5 mg/kg) or the peripherally acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, atenolol (5 mg/kg). 4 Clenbuterol (5 mg/kg) did not enhance the circling responses produced by methamphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) in unilateral nigrostriatal-lesioned rats. 5 The results suggest that beta-adrenoceptor agonists in common with some established antidepressant treatments produce enhancement of 5-HT-mediated behavioural responses.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6124294&dopt=Abstract
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