Drugs online research references
Horm Metab Res. 1997 Jun;29(6):261-3.
Metformin does not alter diabetes incidence in the NOD mouse.
Beales PE, Giorgini A, Annovazzi A, Signore A, Parlapiano C, Pozzilli P.
Department of Diabetes and Metabolism, St. Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
In insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus, increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity might be a useful approach in controlling the process leading to beta cell destruction by reducing insulin output and thereby reducing the antigenicity associated with its release. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a biguanide, Metformin, which has been suggested to increase insulin sensitivity, was capable of modifying the natural history of diabetes in a model of type 1 diabetes, the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Using age-, sex- and litter-matched groups, three groups of 32 animals each were treated with Metformin in their drinking water at a high dose of 200 mg/kg body weight and at a low dose of 20 mg/kg body weight; the third group of mice acted as controls. Diabetes incidence at 30 weeks of age was similar in all groups. No significant differences in the calculated index of insulitis were observed in treated or control animals. We conclude that Metformin does not affect the disease process leading to clinical diabetes in this animal model.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9230345&dopt=Abstract
Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1991 May;12(2):129-36.
Management of newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus: a retrospective audit.
Marsiaj HI, Catalano C, Sum CF, Home PD, Alberti KG.
Department of Medicine, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
A retrospective survey of the case records of 130 patients with newly diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was performed to assess the effect of 1 year of clinical attendance on blood glucose control, body weight, lipid profile and blood pressure. The mean age of these patients was 63 +/- (SE) 0.1 years and 45% were 65 years or older. Body mass index (BMI) was 28.3 +/- 0.49 kg m-2 and 72% were overweight or obese. Sixty-seven percent of the patients were hypertensive (WHO criteria). Serum cholesterol was 6.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l, HDL cholesterol 1.0 +/- 0.0 mmol/l and triglycerides 3.14 +/- 0.29 mmol/l (non-fasting). Seventy-two percent of the patients were managed on diet alone and 23% by diet plus sulphonylurea. The remaining 5% were treated by metformin or a combination of metformin plus sulphonylurea. After one year, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1) decreased from 10.7 +/- 0.3% to 8.2 +/- 0.2% (P less than 0.01; normal less than 7.5%). The sulphonylurea groups showed similar decreases in HbA1. Overall there was a small but significant fall in BMI (-0.5 +/- 0.2 kg m-2; P less than 0.05). However, the diet treated patients showed a significant decrease in BMI (-0.8 +/- 0.3 kg m-2; P less than 0.01) whilst BMI increased in the sulphonylurea treated group (+0.7 +/- 0.2 kg m-2; P less than 0.01). Serum lipid concentrations remained unchanged in both groups. The proportion of patients with hypertension remained the same. Hence after one year of clinical attendance, HbA1 improved but there was minimal change in the associated cardiovascular risk factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1879304&dopt=Abstract
Am J Gastroenterol. 1999 Aug;94(8):2165-70.
The prevalence of chronic diarrhea among diabetic patients.
Lysy J, Israeli E, Goldin E.
Department of Gastroenterology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of chronic diarrhea in patients with type I and type II diabetes is uncertain, most data being available from tertiary referral centers. We report the prevalence and etiology of chronic diarrhea in 861 heterogeneous diabetic patients attending a primary care diabetic outpatient clinic. METHODS: All patients attending the clinic were asked to fill in a questionnaire relating to their bowel habits. Patients who fulfilled the criteria for chronic diarrhea underwent a comprehensive workup to define the cause of the diarrhea. Additional parameters were the mean duration of diabetes, hemoglobin-Alc levels, and the presence of autonomic neuropathy. RESULTS: Chronic diarrhea was diagnosed in 32 patients (overall prevalence of 3.7%). The prevalence of nondiabetic diarrhea was higher among type I diabetic patients than among type II patients (3.29% vs 2.3%), although it did not reach statistical significance. Diabetic diarrhea was more common among type I than type II diabetic patients (5.2% vs 0.4%, respectively, p < 0.01). The most common cause of nondiabetic diarrhea was medication induced (metformin). CONCLUSIONS: Chronic diarrhea is more frequent in type I diabetic patients. The higher prevalence of diarrhea in this population can be attributed to diabetic diarrhea (which is quite rare in type II patients). The most common cause of nondiabetic diarrhea is drug therapy with metformin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10445544&dopt=Abstract
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