Drugs online research references
Horm Metab Res. 1979 May;11(5):332-7.
Metabolic effects of combined sulphonylurea and metformin therapy in maturity-onset diabetice.
Nattrass M, Hinks L, Smythe P, Todd PG, Alberti KG.
Twelve hour metabolic studies have been performed in two groups of maturity-onset diabetics treated either by sulphonylurea and metformin therapy or sulphonylurea therapy alone. There was no significant difference in blood glucose concentration between the two groups although serum insulin concentration was significantly higher in the group treated by sulphonylurea therapy alone. Concentrations of several intermediary metabolites were higher when metformin formed part of the therapy. Thus, mean blood lactate, pyruvate, alanine and total ketone body concentrations and the lactate/pyruvate ratio and 3-hydroxybutyrate/acetoacetate ratio were all significantly elevated during sulphonylurea and metformin therapy. It is concluded that the use of metformin with a sulphonylurea results in widespread abnormalities in blood concentrations of intermediary metabolites.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=573232&dopt=Abstract
Horm Metab Res. 1999 Oct;31(10):580-2.
A simple acute in vivo comparative test for sensitivity to insulin in the mouse.
Williams CA, Shih MF, Taberner PV.
Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Bristol, UK.
A method is described for measuring the acute blood glucose response to an insulin challenge which requires only 6 samples of 20 microl of blood collected over a 4 hour period. This evaluation of sensitivity to insulin was validated by comparing the effects of gliclazide, metformin and a novel antidiabetic imidazoline compound (S22068) on the blood glucose response. The test distinguished between the insulin-secreting and hypoglycaemic action of gliclazide and the insulin-sensitizing actions of metformin and S22068. The test has the advantage that it can be repeated in the same animal after a period of recovery and thus enables the overall sensitivity to insulin to be compared before and after acute or chronic dose regimes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10596969&dopt=Abstract
AIDS Read. 2000 Mar;10(3):162-9; discussion 171-4.
How to manage metabolic complications of HIV therapy: what to do while we wait for answers.
Currier JS.
Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
Although effective treatment of antiretroviral-associated metabolic abnormalities ultimately depends on understanding the mechanisms involved, clinicians facing these problems are beginning to feel compelled to do something now to manage treatment-related metabolic complications. Diet and exercise should not be overlooked, because both can be effective in managing these complications without causing further side effects. Fibric acid derivatives such as gemfibrozil and statins can lower HIV-associated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, although further data are needed on problematic interactions between statins and protease inhibitors (PIs). Hypoglycemic agents may have some role in managing glucose abnormalities, although troglitazone cannot be recommended for fat abnormalities alone and metformin may cause lactic acidosis. Growth hormone and anabolic steroids may have some role in treating lipodystrophy, but the cost of growth hormone is prohibitive for many patients and definitive data on efficacy are lacking. Replacing a PI with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor has improved lipid and glucose levels in some studies. However, that strategy begs the question of how the nucleosides might contribute to lipodystrophy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10758016&dopt=Abstract
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