Drugs online research references
Horm Metab Res. 1984 Feb;16(2):85-7.
Inhibition of carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia by metformin.
Zavaroni I, Dall'Aglio E, Bruschi F, Alpi O, Coscelli C, Butturini U.
The ability of metformin to prevent carbohydrate-induced hypertriglyceridemia was studied in fructose fed rats. The results indicated that plasma triglycerides were approximately 50% reduced in the drug treated rats and the reduction was associated with lowered very low density lipoprotein-triglyceride secretion rates and plasma insulin levels. Since the drug does not affect the fructose intestinal absorption, it did not prevent normal rate of weight gain. These results provide further evidence for the existence of a causal relationship between plasma TG concentration and plasma insulin concentration; metformin is able to modify both these variables likely affecting primarily the ambient insulin level.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6368351&dopt=Abstract
Diabetologia. 1999 Jan;42(1):102-6.
Effect of masoprocol on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a rat model of Type II diabetes.
Reed MJ, Meszaros K, Entes LJ, Claypool MD, Pinkett JG, Brignetti D, Luo J, Khandwala A, Reaven GM.
Shaman Pharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080-4812, USA.
Extracts of the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata, family Zygophyllaceae) have long been used as a folk remedy for Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes by native Americans in southwestern North America. In this study we have evaluated the metabolic effects of masoprocol, a pure compound isolated from the creosote bush, in a rat model of Type II diabetes. Animals were fed a 20% fat (by weight) diet for 2 weeks prior to intravenous injection with streptozotocin (STZ, 0.19 mmol/kg). Diabetic animals (glucose 16-33 mmol/l) were treated with vehicle, metformin (0.83 mmol/kg body weight) or masoprocol (0.83 mmol/kg body weight) twice a day for 4 days. Masoprocol treatment lowered glucose concentrations an average of 35% compared with vehicle (14.2+/-1.1 vs 21.7+/-1.0 mmol/l, p < 0.001), a reduction similar to metformin treatment (12.8+/-0.9 mmol/l), without any change in insulin concentration. Masoprocol treatment also lowered triglyceride concentrations 80% compared with vehicle (1.0+/-0.1 vs 4.8+/-0.3 mmol/l, p < 0.001), a reduction far greater than following metformin treatment (3.6+/-0.3 mmol/l). Non-esterified fatty acid and glycerol concentration were decreased by approximately 65% by masoprocol compared with vehicle, a reduction approximately twice as great as seen with metformin (p < 0.001). The effect of masoprocol on in vivo insulin-mediated glucose disposal was evaluated by infusing fat-fed/STZ rats with glucose (0.22 mmol kg x min(-1)) and insulin (30 pmol x kg x min(-1)) for 5 h. In response to the infusion, steady-state plasma glucose concentrations were reduced 30% in masoprocol-treated animals compared with vehicle controls (p < 0.05) with no change noted in rats treated with metformin. The effect of masoprocol treatment was also tested in primary adipocytes isolated from normal animals. Adipocytes treated with masoprocol (30 micromol/l) had higher basal and insulin-stimulated glucose clearance than did adipocytes treated with vehicle (p <0.05). These data show that masoprocol decreases both plasma glucose and triglyceride concentrations in fat-fed/STZ rats, presumably as a result of its ability to both increase glucose disposal and decrease lipolysis.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10027587&dopt=Abstract
upcl.univ-lyon1.fr
Cardiovascular risk reduction in diabetic patients is a multidimensional task. Long-term decrease of glycaemia by the use of insulin or sulfonylureas had disappointing effects on cardiovascular events, whereas metformin effects are ambiguous. On the contrary, controlling risk factors like hypertension or hypercholesterolaemia decrease the incidence of cardiovascular events in diabetic as in non-diabetic patients. Similarly, clinical trials have shown the efficacy of treatments that decrease cardiovascular risk whatever the cause, such as antiplatelet drugs in secondary prevention and high-dose ramipril in secondary prevention or in hypertensive patients. The absolute benefit conferred by efficient therapies is higher in diabetic patients because they are at an increased risk of events compared with their non-diabetic counterparts.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11795124&dopt=Abstract
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