Drugs online research references
Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Oct 15;196(1):382-7.
Metformin increases glucose transporter protein and gene expression in human fibroblasts.
Hamann A, Benecke H, Greten H, Matthaei S.
Department of Medicine, Universitats-Krankenhaus Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
To investigate the effect of the antihyperglycemic drug metformin on glucose transporter protein and gene expression, skin fibroblasts obtained from normal and diabetic volunteers were grown in culture and incubated with metformin at various concentration for up to 16 days. Metformin caused a dose and time dependent increase in GLUT1 number with a maximum at a concentration of 10 micrograms metformin given over 4 days. This was accompanied by an increase in GLUT1 mRNA, suggesting that metformin has a stimulating effect on glucose transporter gene expression. No significant difference was observed between cells obtained from type II diabetic patients and those from controls. We conclude that in human fibroblasts GLUT1 de novo synthesis is involved in the long term effect of metformin on glucose transport.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8216316&dopt=Abstract
Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jun 15;246(1):67-71.
Metformin and brown adipose tissue thermogenetic activity in genetically obese Zucker rats.
Rouru J, Isaksson K, Santti E, Huupponen R, Koulu M.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Turku, Finland.
The effect of chronic metformin treatment on brown adipose tissue thermogenetic activity was investigated in young genetically obese Zucker rats. The binding of [3H]GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria, expression of uncoupling protein mRNA in brown adipose tissue, weight gains and cumulative food intakes were measured in metformin (320 mg/kg orally for 12 days)-treated obese Zucker rats as well as in pair-fed--and in ad libitum--fed control obese rats. The weight gains were identically reduced in the metformin- and pair-fed control group compared to the ad libitum--fed rats. Metformin also significantly reduced cumulative food intake. The binding of [3H]GDP to brown adipose tissue mitochondria and the expression of uncoupling protein mRNA in brown adipose tissue were not modified by metformin. It is concluded that the weight gain reducing effect of metformin in obese Zucker rats is mainly due to reduced food intake and does not involve an effect of metformin on brown adipose tissue thermogenetic activity.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8354343&dopt=Abstract
Diabete Metab. 1995 Oct;21(4):274-80.
Changes in insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity associated with metformin treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Santos RF, Nomizo R, Wajhenberg BL, Reaven GM, Azhar S.
VA Palo Alto Health Care System (182-B), CA 94304, USA.
This study was performed to define the effect of metformin on glycaemic control and erythrocyte insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in patients with non-insulin-dependent (Type 2) diabetes mellitus. A case-control study of the effect of metformin treatment in hyperglycaemic patients with Type 2 diabetes was conducted in outpatients of the Diabetes Clinical Center. The study population consisted of 14 patients with Type 2 diabetes (5 males, 9 females) whose hyperglycaemia was uncontrolled by diet. Patients were treated with metformin 850 mg twice daily for 2 1/2 months. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations decreased from 8.9 to 6.4 mmol/L after 10 weeks of metformin treatment (p < 0.001), in association with significantly lower (p < 0.001) plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in response to an oral glucose load. In addition, both fasting plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were significantly (p < 0.001) lower after metformin treatment. There was no change in erythrocyte insulin receptor binding associated with metformin treatment, but both basal and insulin-stimulated insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activities of solubilized erythrocyte insulin receptors were significantly higher after 10 weeks of metformin treatment. It is concluded that the increase in insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity contributed to the improvement in glucose insulin and lipoprotein metabolism associated with metformin treatment of Type 2 diabetes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8529763&dopt=Abstract
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