Drugs online research references
Pharmacology. 1995 Jun;51(1):43-7.
Effects of the biguanide metformin on splanchnic blood flow in rats: preferential and dose-dependent increase in islet blood flow.
Jansson L.
Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate if metformin, a biguanide used in the treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, induced any changes in splanchnic circulation. For this purpose, anesthetized rats were injected intraperitoneally with saline alone (1 ml/kg BW) or metformin (15 or 30 mg/kg BW) 30 min before blood flow measurements. No effects on blood glucose or serum insulin concentrations could be discerned after administration of metformin. Both duodenal, whole pancreatic and islet blood flow were approximately doubled by the lowest dose (15 mg/kg BW) metformin. However, the higher dose (30 mg/kg BW) did not affect duodenal or pancreatic blood flow, whereas islet blood flow was markedly increased also in this group of animals. It is concluded that the blood flow to the pancreatic islets can be specifically enhanced by metformin. To what extent this contributes to the antihyperglycemic action of the drug is presently unknown.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7568343&dopt=Abstract
Pharmacol Res. 2002 Mar;45(3):183-7.
Effects of glibenclamide, metformin and insulin on the incidence and latency of death by oubain-induced arrhythmias in mice.
Yazar A, Polat G, Un I, Levent A, Kaygusuz A, Buyukafsar K, camdeviren H.
Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Mersin University, Turkey.
This study was performed to investigate possible effects of glibenclamide, insulin and metformin on the death latency and incidence caused by a cardiac glycoside, oubain. Mice of both sexes were injected with oubain (i.p. 20 mg x kg (-1), glibenclamide (s.c. 0.1-10 mg x kg (-1), insulin (s.c. 0.3-3 U kg (-)) and metformin (i.p. 200 mg x kg (-1)) and combinations of the last three drugs with oubain. Death latency was measured and lethality incidence was calculated. Death was assessed by visual observation. Plasma glucose level was evaluated from the tail blood. Glibenclamide (0.1 mg x kg (-)) prolonged the latency from 11.3 plus minus 1.2 to 15.8 plus minus 1.8 min but failed to decrease the incidence of death. At higher doses (1--10 mg x kg (-1)) it had no effects on the latency or the incidence. 0.3 U kg (-1)insulin decreased the incidence from 73.7 to 33.3% ( P< 0.05) without affecting the latency. However the higher dose (3 U kg (-1)) did not have any effects on the incidence or the latency. Oubain increased blood glucose level from 114.1 plus minus 3.8 (control) to 152.1 plus minus 5.3 mg x dl (-1). Metformin (200 mg x kg (-1)) did not affect either the latency or the incidence of death. While metformin did not decrease plasma glucose, insulin and higher doses of glibenclamide (1--10 mg x kg (-1)) markedly lowered glucose in blood. However, at the dose of 0.1 mg x kg (-1)glibenclamide did not alter the glucose level in the blood but prevented oubain from increasing it. Insulin (0.3 U kg (-1)) and, to some extent, glibenclamide (0.1 mg x kg (-)) but not metformin could be effective antiarrhythmic agents against oubain-induced arrhythmias. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11884213&dopt=Abstract
Life Sci. 1992;50(23):1813-20.
Subchronic treatment with metformin produces anorectic effect and reduces hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese Zucker rats.
Rouru J, Huupponen R, Pesonen U, Koulu M.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Turku, Finland.
The effect of subchronic metformin treatment on food intake, weight gain and plasma and tissue hormone levels was investigated in genetically obese male Zucker rats and in their lean controls. Metformin hydrochloride (320 mg/kg/day for 14 days in the drinking water) significantly reduced 24 hour food intake both after one and two weeks treatment in obese rats. In contrast, metformin had only a transient effect on food intake in lean animals. The reduced food intake was associated with body weight decrease, particularly in obese rats. Metformin markedly reduced also the hyperinsulinemia of the obese animals without altering their plasma glucose or pancreatic insulin content which may reflect an improved insulin sensitivity after metformin treatment. Metformin did not change plasma corticosterone levels or insulin and somatostatin concentrations in the pancreas. Metformin reduced pyloric region somatostatin content in lean rats. It is concluded that metformin has an anorectic effect and reduces body weight and hyperinsulinemia in genetically obese Zucker rat.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1350851&dopt=Abstract
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