Drugs online research references
Exp Physiol. 1999 Nov;84(6):1051-8.
The influence of streptozotocin diabetes and metformin on erythrocyte volume and on the membrane potential and the contractile characteristics of the extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles in rats.
McGuire M, MacDermott M.
Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, 123 St Stephens Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
The effects of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes and the antihyperglycaemic agent metformin on the contractile characteristics of the limb skeletal muscles and on erythrocyte volume were examined in rats. After 8 weeks of diabetes, the tetanic tension of the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle decreased and the half-relaxation time of the soleus muscle increased. Endurance decreased in both muscles. Metformin treatment of the diabetic rats did not prevent the development of these contractile changes. Diabetes induced depolarisation in the EDL and soleus muscles. Following exposure to insulin, both muscles repolarized. Metformin treatment of control rats induced depolarisation in the EDL and soleus muscles, but in the depolarised EDL and soleus muscles of the diabetic rats metformin treatment caused no further depolarisation. The muscles of metformin-treated control and diabetic rats hyperpolarized in the presence of insulin. Diabetes caused an increase in the volume of the blood erythrocytes. This was prevented by metformin treatment.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10564702&dopt=Abstract
Exp Physiol. 1998 Jul;83(4):481-7.
The influence of streptozotocin-induced diabetes and the antihyperglycaemic agent metformin on the contractile characteristics and the membrane potential of the rat diaphragm.
McGuire M, MacDermott M.
Department of Physiology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
After 2 months of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats, the membrane potential of the diaphragm muscle when measured in vitro at 30 degrees C was unchanged but the tetanic tension, the half-relaxation time of the isometric twitch and the fatigue resistance were each reduced. Treatment of the diabetic rats with the antihyperglycaemic agent metformin prevented the decrease in half-relaxation time and the greater degree of fatigue in the diaphragms. The possibility that changes in H+ and cyclic AMP concentrations in the diabetic muscles contributed to the decreased contractile function and that metformin acted by attenuating these changes is discussed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9717070&dopt=Abstract
Thromb Res. 1991 Nov 15;64(4):477-85.
Studies on fibrin network structure in human plasma. Part II--Clinical application: diabetes and antidiabetic drugs.
Nair CH, Azhar A, Wilson JD, Dhall DP.
Vascular and Thrombosis Research Unit, Woden Valley Hospital, A.C.T., Australia.
Using measurements of fibrin fibre thickness (microT) derived from turbidity and permeability (tau) of clotted plasma, it has been found that glucose in vitro added to plasma decreases permeability of the network despite unaltered fibrinogen conversion. Fibrin fibre thickness (microT) in uncontrolled diabetes is found significantly reduced. In diabetic plasma the degree of conversion to fibrin is similar to that in age and sex matched plasma from non-diabetics: the effect on fibrin network and fibre thickness probably arises from glycosylation of fibrinogen. Studies with Gliclazide, Metformin, Glibenclamide and insulin have shown that while all other drugs tested have no effect, Gliclazide increases fibrin fibre thickness (microT) significantly, diminishes tensile strength and reduces permeability. In separate experiments lysability of 125I-labelled fibrin networks developed in the presence of all four hypoglycaemic agents by tissue activator was tested. Networks developed in the presence of Metformin were found to lyse more quickly, followed by insulin and Gliclazide. Alterations induced in fibrin networks in diabetes may be nullified by some oral hypoglycaemic agents such as Gliclazide and not by others. Whether nullification of such changes has long-term effects in reducing the incidence of vascular disease in diabetics remains to be established.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1788832&dopt=Abstract
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