Drugs online research references
Hypertens Res. 1996 Mar;19(1):37-41.
Metformin decreases blood pressure and obesity in OLETF rats via improvement of insulin resistance.
Kosegawa I, Katayama S, Kikuchi C, Kashiwabara H, Negishi K, Ishii J, Inukai K, Oka Y.
Fourth Department of Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
To determine whether improvement of insulin resistance decreases blood pressure as well as obesity, metformin (100 mg/kg/d) or vehicle was administered for 20 weeks to 12-week-old male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats (n = 10 each), a newly developed animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) with mild obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Oral administration of metformin ameliorated glucose intolerance and attenuated the insulin response to glucose loading (2 g/kg, i.p.), as evidenced by a decrease in the area under the curve for glucose and insulin at 24 weeks by 19% and 37%, respectively. At 21 weeks, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower in the metformin group than in controls (130 +/- 1.9 vs. 143 +/- 2.7 mmHg, p < 0.01), despite no difference in body weight. Subsequently, blood pressure tended to be slightly but insignificantly lower in the metformin group, and body weight was significantly lower in the metformin group (532 +/- 9.8 vs. 587 +/- 10.3 g at 31 weeks, p < 0.01). Metformin treatment also lowered the level of serum triglycerides (9.4 +/- 0.6 vs. 13.2 +/- 0.5 mmol/l, p < 0.01) and the plasma norepinephrine concentration (4,222 +/- 373 vs. 7,548 +/- 1,058 pg/ml, p < 0.01). These results suggest that metformin-induced improvement of insulin resistance in obese rats with NIDDM may lower blood pressure, as well as decrease sympathetic activity and reduce body weight.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8829822&dopt=Abstract
Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1997 Mar;17(3):162-4.
[Experimental study on berberin raised insulin sensitivity in insulin resistance rat models]
[Article in Chinese]
Gao CR, Zhang JQ, Huang QL.
Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of berberin on insulin sensitivity in high fat diet rats. METHODS: Before and after ingesting berberin, glucose insulin tolerance test was used to measure the insulin sensitivity, and determining fasting blood glucose, insulin, blood lipid and muscle triglyceride content. RESULTS: Compared with normal feeding rats, high fat feeding impaired insulin action (5.02 +/- 1.08 vs 8.72 +/- 0.91, P < 0.005), decreased liver glycogen level and raised fasting blood glucose, insulin and blood lipid levels. Berberin and metformin improved insulin resistance (6.31 +/- 0.95 and 6.24 +/- 0.65) and liver glycogen level in insulin resistance models, but had no effect on blood glucose, insulin, lipid levels and muscle triglyceride depots. CONCLUSION: It is confirmed that berberin could raise insulin sensitivity of high fat diet rats similar to metformin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9863084&dopt=Abstract
ioks.uio.no
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Norwegian men increased from 2.6% to 3.3% from 1986 to 1997. The most important environmental risk factors for type 2 diabetes are obesity and reduced physical activity. Genetic factors are also strongly involved. Biochemical risk factors are impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin response. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Only a few small studies have investigated the possibility of primary prevention of type 2 diabetes. RESULTS: In a six-year intervention study on persons with impaired glucose tolerance in China, diet and/or increased physical activity reduced the risk of type 2 diabetes by 30 to 50%. Similar results were found in a study from Sweden. No drug is shown to prevent type 2 diabetes. Possible candidates are metformin and thiazolidinediones which increase insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitors which reduce the absorption of fat from the gut. Three large, randomised, prospective studies are investigating whether life style intervention or medication can prevent the disease. The results of these studies will be available in about five years. INTERPRETATION: Present evidence clearly indicates that increased physical activity and diet can prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11475232&dopt=Abstract
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