Drugs online research references
Acta Diabetol. 1997 Mar;34(1):46-8.
Effects of glibenclamide and metformin (alone or in combination) on insulin release from isolated human pancreatic islets.
Lupi R, Marchetti P, Giannarelli R, Coppelli A, Tellini C, Del Guerra S, Lorenzetti M, Carmellini M, Mosca F, Navalesi R.
Department of Metabolic Diseases, Institute of 2nd Medical Clinic, Pisa, Italy.
Isolated human pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification, and the effects of glibenclamide (0.5 and 5.0 mumol/l) and metformin (20 and 200 mumol/l), alone or in combination, on insulin release were evaluated at varying glucose concentrations. At 3.3 mmol/l glucose level, the addition of 5.0 mumol/l glibenclamide or 5.0 mumol/l glibenclamide plus 200 mumol/l metformin caused a significant increase of insulin release, compared with glucose alone. At 16.7 mmol/l glucose concentration, a significant increase of insulin secretion, compared with glucose alone, was produced by the addition of either 5.0 mumol/l glibenclamide, 200 mumol/l metformin, or both 5.0 mumol/l glibenclamide and 200 mumol/l metformin. The effect of the combination of the two drugs was significantly higher than that with either drug used alone. Thus, glibenclamide was shown to have an insulinotropic effect on human islets at both low and high glucose concentrations, and metformin at high glucose concentrations. A possible synergistic effect of glibenclamide and metformin at high glucose concentrations is also suggested.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9134058&dopt=Abstract
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1997 Mar;75(3):179-84.
Increased alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine in isolated hepatocytes of Wistar-Kyoto fatty rats: an inhibitory effect of biguanides.
Mori K, Nakamura J, Koh N, Sakakibara F, Hamada Y, Hara T, Komori T, Nakashima E, Naruse K, Takeuchi N, Hotta N.
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Japan.
To examine the pathophysiological characteristics of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, alanine metabolism in isolated hepatocytes of male Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) fatty rats (genetically obese and hyperglycemic) and their lean littermates was investigated. The effects of glucagon and the biguanides, metformin and buformin, on alanine metabolism were also studied by measuring alanine uptake and lipid synthesis from alanine. WKY fatty rats showed higher plasma insulin and lipid concentrations than lean rats at 5 as well as at 12 weeks of age. Alanine uptake into hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats only at 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes was increased in fatty rats at 5 and 12 weeks of age compared with lean rats. Glucagon increased alanine uptake into hepatocytes but did not affect lipid synthesis from alanine in both fatty and lean rats. Low concentrations (0.1 mM) of biguanides decreased lipid synthesis from alanine only in fatty rats without inhibiting alanine uptake into hepatocytes. These observations suggest that lipid synthesis from alanine in hepatocytes of WKY fatty rats is accelerated prior to the onset of diabetes mellitus, which might be associated with the development of diabetes, and that an inhibitory effect on increased lipid synthesis is one of the pharmacodynamic actions of biguanides.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9164699&dopt=Abstract
J Appl Toxicol. 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):409-13.
Influence of atenolol and/or metformin on glutathione and magnesium levels in diabetic rats.
Ewis SA, Abdel-Rahman MS.
Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School, Newark 07103-2714, USA.
Recently there has been growing interest in studying the differences between different classes of antihypertensive drugs in preventing cardiovascular events in diabetic patients. Hypomagnesemia is common in diabetes mellitus, and correlates to its chronic complications and the associated alteration of the antioxidant enzyme activity. Depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the blood has been demonstrated with myocardial injuries associating hypomagnesemia. A previous study has demonstrated a beneficial effect of metformin hydrochloride (Met), an antihyperglycemic drug, on both magnesium (Mg) and GSH levels in diabetic animals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of oral atenolol, metformin (50 and 60 mg kg[-1] day[-1], respectively) and their combination for 14 days on Mg and GSH levels in blood, liver and heart of diabetic male Wistar rats, as these two parameters have been shown to be altered in diabetics and linked to myocardial ischemic injuries. The results of this investigation showed a state of low levels of Mg and GSH in both blood and liver of the diabetic animals. Treatment with atenolol alone did not change these levels significantly, however administration of metformin or atenolol/metformin increased significantly the GSH levels in both liver and blood, and returned the liver Mg content back to normal values.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9418950&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics