Drugs online research references
Xenobiotica. 1994 Jan;24(1):49-57.
Accumulation of metformin by tissues of the normal and diabetic mouse.
Wilcock C, Bailey CJ.
Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK.
1. Tissue accumulation of the antihyperglycaemic agent metformin (dimethylbiguanide) was examined after oral administration to the normal and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mouse. 2. Metformin (50 mg/kg body weight containing 14C-metformin 25 microCi/kg body weight), which is stable and not metabolized, resulted in maximum plasma concentrations at 0.5 h which declined to < 5% of maximum by 24 h. Maximum plasma concentrations (mumol/l, mean +/- SE) in the hepatic portal vein (normal 51.7 +/- 5.4, STZ 61.5 +/- 8.0) were higher than in the inferior vena cava (normal 29.0 +/- 2.8, STZ 35.4 +/- 5.9). 3. The greatest accumulation of metformin occurred in tissues of the small intestine, where maximum concentrations were > 1000 mumol/kg wet weight at 0.5-2 h, but declined to < 2% of maximum by 24 h. 4. Stomach, colon, salivary gland, kidney and liver accumulated metformin more than two-fold, and concentrations of the drug in heart and skeletal (gastrocnemius) muscle were greater than plasma concentrations on some occasions up to 8 h. 5. In a separate study, i.v.-administered metformin was selectively accumulated by tissues of the small intestine. Thus, retention of metformin by tissues of the small intestine may represent a deep compartment for the drug.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8165821&dopt=Abstract
Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol. 1993 Feb;79(2):219-27.
Metformin and liver glycogen synthase activity in obese Zucker rats.
Huupponen R, Pyykko K, Koulu M, Rouru J.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turku, Finland.
The effect of chronic treatment with metformin (320 mg/kg/day) on plasma glucose and insulin as well as liver glycogen synthase activity and hepatic glycogen content was studied in obese hyperinsulinemic Zucker rats. Metformin significantly reduced both plasma glucose (by 10%) and insulin levels (by 39%) at fasting but had no effect on hepatic glycogen content or on the basal activity of liver glycogen synthase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8451543&dopt=Abstract
Biopharm Drug Dispos. 1993 Apr;14(3):257-63.
Bioavailability of metformin in tablet form using a new high pressure liquid chromatography assay method.
Caille G, Lacasse Y, Raymond M, Landriault H, Perrotta M, Picirilli G, Thiffault J, Spenard J.
Department of Pharmacology, Universite de Montreal, Canada.
Twenty-four young healthy volunteers received a single dose of metformin 500 mg (Glucophage, Nordic Laboratories, Canada) in tablet form. Plasma concentrations were determined by HPLC in samples collected prior to and 0.33, 0.66, 1, 1.33, 1.66, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18, 24, and 30 h after dosing. Mean (+/- SD) Cmax was 682.1 (160.6) ng ml-1 at a mean (+/- SD) tmax of 2.4 (0.93) h. Overall elimination was monoexponential with a mean (+/- SD) half-life of 3.16 (0.47) h. We conclude that metformin is rapidly absorbed from this formulation and is also rapidly eliminated. Extrapolation to steady state predicts that equilibrium will be reached within 24 h.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8490112&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics