Drugs online research references
unimelb.edu.au
Metformin is a common treatment for women who have insulin resistance manifesting as type 2 diabetes or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). With an increasing number of these patients conceiving, it is expected that the use of metformin in and around the time of pregnancy will increase. This article reassesses the mechanisms, safety, and clinical experience of metformin use in obstetrics and gynecology. Metformin is an attractive therapeutic option because administration is simple, hypoglycemia rare, and weight loss promoted. There is a large volume of research supporting the use of metformin treatment in diabetes mellitus, androgenization, anovulation, infertility, and recurrent miscarriage. Although metformin is known to cross the placenta, there is, as yet, no evidence of teratogenicity. Metformin has an array of complex actions, accounting for the varied clinical roles, many of which are still to be fully evaluated. Much research is still needed.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14752300&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Ann Pharmacother. 2004 Mar;38(3):448-57. Epub 2004 Jan 30.
Pharmacologic Therapy for HIV-Associated Lipodystrophy.
Benavides S, Nahata MC.
Pediatric Pharmacotherapy Fellow, College of Pharmacy, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Cooperative Pharmacy Program, University of Texas, Pan American, Edinburg, TX.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacologic therapy in the treatment of HIV-associated lipodystrophy, with a focus on the treatment of fat redistribution. Drug therapies that have been shown to be beneficial in other forms of lipodystrophy and are currently being evaluated in HIV-associated lipodystrophy are also discussed. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE search was conducted from 1996 to February 2003. Bibliographies of all articles were reviewed and pertinent articles were included. Abstracts from major meetings in 2002 and 2003 were also reviewed. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All published studies were included in the review. DATA SYNTHESIS: Lipodystrophy has become more prevalent in patients with HIV. Lipodystrophy consists of adipose redistribution and metabolic abnormalities including dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Treatment of lipodystrophy has been directed at either decreasing the amount of visceral adipose tissue (VAT), dorsocervical adipose tissue (commonly known as buffalo hump) and/or increase subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) decreases VAT and buffalo hump, although it has been associated with a high frequency of adverse effects. Metformin and the thiazolidinediones have favorable metabolic effects, but were not found to be effective in correcting body compositional changes associated with lipodystrophy. Anabolic steroids and l-carnitine are not effective in the treatment of lipodystrophy. CONCLUSIONS: No drug therapy exists to fully ameliorate or correct the cosmetic changes of HIV-associated lipodystrophy. Clinicians must weigh the benefits and risks of each agent and individualize treatment for each patient.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14755064&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
Saudi Med J. 2004 Jan;25(1):75-8.
Effects of short term metformin administration on androgens in diabetic men.
Shegem NS, Alsheek Nasir AM, Batieha AM, El-Shanti H, Ajlouni KM.
National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan.
OBJECTIVE: Metformin, an oral hypoglycemic agent, has several other metabolic and hormonal effects. This study aims at identifying the metabolic effect of metformin on androgens in diabetic men. METHODS: The study was conducted at The National Center for Diabetes Endocrinology and Genetics, Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan from April 2001 to September 2001. We studied 15 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus by measuring fasting serum glucose, insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, total and free testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, 17-OH progesterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone before and after a short course of metformin. RESULTS: There was a significant decrease in fasting serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin and increase in the level of 17-OH progesterone. The remainder of the measured parameters did not show any significant change. Although serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin decreased insulin levels were not changed. CONCLUSION: In contrast to normal men there was no change in androgen levels in diabetics but the 17-OH progesterone was elevated.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14758385&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
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