Drugs online research references
Atherosclerosis. 1988 May;71(1):27-33.
The antidiabetic drug metformin decreases cholesterol metabolism in cultured human fibroblasts.
Maziere JC, Maziere C, Mora L, Gardette J, Salmon S, Auclair M, Polonovski J.
Faculte de Medecine Saint-Antoine, UA 524 du CNRS, Paris, France.
The effect of the hypoglycemic biguanide drug Metformin was investigated after a 72 h pretreatment of human cultured fibroblasts. Metformin induced a moderate increase in low density lipoprotein binding, uptake and internalization (25% increase after treatment with 5 X 10(-4) M of drug). A decrease in sterol, fatty acid and triacyglycerol synthesis from sodium acetate was observed after pretreatment with the drug, with a dose-dependent effect in the range of 5 X 10(-5) to 5 X 10(-4) M (50% reduction of sterol synthesis after treatment with Metformin 5 X 10(-4) M). This effect was also observed in fibroblasts from a patient with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Cholesterol esterification studied by incorporation of radiolabeled oleic acid was reduced by Metformin (40% of control after treatment with Metformin 5 X 10(-4) M) whereas incorporation into triacylglycerols was less impaired. These effects of Metformin on cholesterol metabolism were observed either in the presence or in the absence of low density lipoproteins. Moreover, Metformin also reduced cholesterol esterification in J774 monocyte-macrophage cells. Metformin also induced a decrease of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in cultured fibroblasts and a reduction of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol-O-acyltransferase activity in cultured fibroblasts and J774 cells.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=3377878&dopt=Abstract
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1981 Mar 15;57(5):552-5.
[Inhibitory effect of metformin on the development of cholesterol atherosclerosis in the rabbit. Observations on the coronary vessels]
[Article in Italian]
Giacchi M, Vatti R.
Experimental atherosclerosis and atheroregression may appear at different levels of development in the different arterial districts of non-human primates. The coronary arteries that are involved, like aortas, in the atherogenic process are, in the monkeys, less prone to atheroregression. The atherosclerotic lesions which are always present in the coronary arteries of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits are not evident in the coronaries (at extra- as well at intracardiac level) of the hypercholesterolemic rabbits treated with metformin.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7259886&dopt=Abstract
Endocrinology. 1996 Jul;137(7):2990-9.
The antidiabetic drug metformin elevates receptor tyrosine kinase activity and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate mass in Xenopus oocytes.
Stith BJ, Goalstone ML, Espinoza R, Mossel C, Roberts D, Wiernsperger N.
University of Colorado at Denver, 80217.
Although metformin is an important antidiabetic, its mechanism of action is still unknown. To study its mechanism, we examined metformin stimulation of insulin action on the Xenopus oocyte. Similar to therapeutic concentrations, maximal stimulation of insulin-induced meiotic cell division was achieved at about 1-10 microg/ml (or 7.7-77 /microM) metformin. An equivalent concentration of metformin was required to elevate receptor tyrosine kinase activity (in whole cells or a membrane-cortex preparation) and, through this tyrosine kinase activation, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) production. With whole cells, the preincubation time for metformin stimulation of insulin action (approximately 1 h) was equivalent to the time required for metformin to maximize tyrosine phosphorylation and raise IP3, levels. With the membrane-cortex preparation, metformin was active within minutes; thus, metformin may act at an intracellular site. Since metformin can increase IP3, mass, we prevented elevation of calcium by prior microinjection of a calcium chelator or heparin (a drug that inhibits IP3 binding to the IP3 receptor). Both the chelator and heparin blocked metformin stimulation of insulin action on whole cells. Since microinjection of IP3, also stimulates insulin action, metformin may stimulate insulin action by elevation of intracellular calcium in addition to activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8770923&dopt=Abstract
online pharmacies ||
Hair Million herbal formula for hair loss and hair growth ||
Amoxicillin ||
Tramadol ||
Paxil ||
Rx Drugs USA, Prescription Drugs Online Pharmacy ||
Zithromax ||
online pharmacy ||
Antibiotics and prescription medications online literature ||
Antibiotics