Drugs online research references
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 1984;4(3):265-73.
Analysis of clinical approximation in applying Prentice's rule to decentration of spherocylinder lenses.
Cobb CH.
A common approximation for obtaining the prism induced by decentration of spherocylinder lenses in non-principal meridia has been compared to the actual prism for numerous cylinder axis orientations. The base direction predicted by the approximation shows significant variations from the actual direction when the cylinder axis is more than 20 degrees from the horizontal or vertical direction. When there is only vertical decentration, the power error is directly proportional to the decentration and the cylinder power. Both the meridional error and the power error depend on the ratio of the sphere power to the cylinder power and on the decentration.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6472856&dopt=Abstract
Exp Brain Res. 1984;54(2):304-14.
Binocular fixation in the rhesus monkey: spatial and temporal characteristics.
Motter BC, Poggio GF.
The horizontal and vertical components of the positions of both eyes of rhesus monkeys were measured during periods of binocularly stable eye positions (eye pauses) while the animals fixated a small target. Differences between monocular and binocular viewing, as well as effects of target size and background illumination, were assessed and found to be comparable to similar measures for humans. The scatter of eye position for either eye during binocular viewing had a standard deviation of 6-8 min arc in the horizontal and 7-13 min arc in the vertical meridia. Measurements of vergence and vertical misalignment, taken from binocular positional disparity, showed that for nearly 60% of eye pause time the eyes were misaligned on the fixation target by more than 7 min arc along both horizontal and vertical axes. In addition, the line of gaze during the trial was found to follow certain idiosyncratic tendencies for each monkey, although the positional variability remained relatively constant throughout the fixation trial. These observations suggest that during binocular fusion and stereopsis a mechanism exists that dynamically compensates for the relatively large shifts in retinal image position during fixation.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6723850&dopt=Abstract
J Refract Surg. 1995 May-Jun;11(3):188-93.
Three-dimensional digital subtraction modeling of corneal topography.
Young JA, Siegel IM.
Cornea Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
BACKGROUND: The introduction of a system of classification of color-coded computerized topography has proved of great clinical value but may be misinterpreted by some who assume that the color plots represent actual corneal contour. METHODS: A three-dimensional system of contour modeling is used to plot equivalents of each category of corneal shape. The round, oval, symmetric bowtie, and asymmetric bowtie of the widely used classification schema are each translated into contour equivalents. Digital subtraction of an appropriate sphere from the contour data is central to the transformation. RESULTS: While round- and oval-type color-coded refractive power plots translate into fairly intuitive contour images, symmetric and asymmetric bowties produce surprising results. We demonstrated that the bowtie appearance is a result of the changing curvatures present between the two principal meridia of the toroidal surface. CONCLUSION: The shape characteristics of the corneal surface dictate the familiar color-coded dioptric plots.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7553089&dopt=Abstract
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