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OBJECTIVE: To study personality and clinical factors in weight loss by sibutramine (Meridia and Reductil), an anti-obesity drug enhancing satiety. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: The subjects were 30 obese patients [43 +/- 12 years (mean +/- SD), BMI 40 +/- 4 kg/m(2)]. The treatment comprised 15 mg of sibutramine administered daily and monthly dietary advice. Weight loss after 6 months of treatment was evaluated. For psychological assessment, the Rorschach method (Comprehensive System) and the Beck Depression Inventory were used. RESULTS: A multiple linear regression model including the Rorschach predictors' physical demand states (animal movement, designated as FM) being intrusive or difficult to hold and a dependency orientation (food contents) could explain 47% of 6 months of weight loss. A model including initial weight loss in addition to the Rorschach predictors explained 58% of the 6-month weight loss. DISCUSSION: The personality factors predicted greater weight loss. In particular, patients with difficulties concerning physical demand states, which would include hunger, could have reduced their eating behavior with enhanced satiety, resulting in greater weight loss. Enhanced satiety could also have helped patients with a dependent need for food to limit food intake. Being enrolled in a treatment program could also have provided essential support for patients with dependency needs. Furthermore, initial weight loss was a predictor of greater weight loss in sibutramine treatment, in accordance with prior research.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=14627761&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - in process]
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1991 Nov-Dec;28(6):314-9.
Visual fields in 4- to 10-year-old children using Goldmann and double-arc perimeters.
Quinn GE, Fea AM, Minguini N.
Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA 19104.
We report the comparison of field extent measured using two kinetic perimeters: 1) a double-arc perimeter developed by van Hof-van Duin for use in infants and young children, and 2) the standard Goldmann apparatus. Targets used were the V-4-e target on the Goldmann and both 2- and 6-degree targets on the double-arc perimeter. Visual fields were measured by assessing looking responses toward targets presented in a pseudorandom order at 45 degrees, 135 degrees, 225 degrees, and 315 degrees. Fifty-six children (mean age: 6.8 years, range: 4 to 10 years) were tested, with retests undertaken in 20%. The extent of total field size was highly correlated among the three tests (P less than .001) and test-retest reliability was high for all three targets (P less than .001). Our previous observation of continued growth with age in visual field extent using the 6-degree target in 4- to 10-year-old children was confirmed and also seen with the 2-degree target in arc perimetry and with the V-4-e in the Goldmann apparatus. Kinetic perimetry using a double-arc perimeter with 2- and 6-degree target sizes appears reliable and comparable, in the four meridia tested, to conventional kinetic perimetry techniques in 4- to 10-year-old children.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1757855&dopt=Abstract
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1990 Sep-Oct;27(5):245-9.
Near retinoscopy in accommodative esotropia.
Velasco Cruz AA, Sampaio NM, Vargas JA.
Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
We tested whether near retinoscopy, a noncycloplegic retinoscopic technique, was applicable to the optic correction of patients with accommodative esodeviations. We performed a study in 17 patients with accommodative esotropia to compare the refractive values obtained by near retinoscopy and by cycloplegia, as measured by two examiners. The interobserver variability was the same for the two techniques for the refractive values of the horizontal and vertical meridia and spherical equivalent. For the astigmatism, there was greater variability for near retinoscopy. The correlation between the two methods was good, but the variability of the differences was high. We recommend that near retinoscopy should be employed only as a noninvasive method for screening refractive errors in children.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=2246737&dopt=Abstract
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