Drugs online research references
Arch Ophthalmol. 1999 Jan;117(1):94-9.
Distance and near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual fields of 10-year-old children.
Myers VS, Gidlewski N, Quinn GE, Miller D, Dobson V.
Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
OBJECTIVE: To measure monocular distance visual acuity, near visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual field extent in full-term, 10-year-old children tested according to the protocol used to test 10-year-old preterm children in the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Subjects were 106 healthy, full-term children, 9.8 to 10.9 years of age, who had no ocular abnormalities other than ametropia. All were tested monocularly using Early Treatment and Diabetic Retinopathy Study distance and near visual acuity charts and Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity charts, with refractive error corrected according to Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity study criteria. Goldmann perimetry was tested without correction using the V-4-e and III-4-e stimuli along 8 meridia. A standard pediatric eye examination was performed on each subject. RESULTS: Mean (SD) distance visual acuity was 20/19.6 OD (0.082 log unit [lu]) and mean near visual acuity was 20/19.5 OD (0.100 lu). Mean (SD) contrast sensitivity was 1.69 OD (0.12 lu), with a mean (SD) of 36.4 (2.2) letters read. Visual field extent was larger for the V-4-e stimulus than for the III-4-e stimulus. CONCLUSIONS: The results provide the first monocular normative data from a large sample of 10-year-old children tested with Early Treatment and Diabetic Retinopathy Study distance and near visual acuity charts and the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity charts, and add to the literature on Goldmann perimetry in children.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9930166&dopt=Abstract
Retina. 2000;20(2):156-61.
Anatomic results and complications in a long-term follow-up of pneumatic retinopexy cases.
Abecia E, Pinilla I, Olivan JM, Larrosa JM, Polo V, Honrubia FM.
Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain.
BACKGROUND: The use of pneumatic retinopexy is controversial because 1) intraocular gas could increase the risk of proliferate vitreoretinopathy and 2) it has been reported to achieve low rates of success after a single procedure. METHODS: A total of 219 consecutive cases of SF6 pneumatic retinopexy were reviewed retrospectively. The follow-up period ranged from 2 to 5 years. RESULTS: A total of 179 (81.73%) of 219 eyes were treated successfully with a single procedure. The success rate increased with reoperations to 98.89%. Preoperative factors related to primary failure or redetachment were aphakia or pseudophakia (P = 0.0058) and breaks localized on horizontal meridia (P = 0.0305). Cryopexy was significantly associated with failure (P = 0.0007). A total of 31.05% of eyes showed early complications. The most frequent incidence was delay in subretinal fluid reabsorption (36.76%), followed by new breaks (26.47%). Late complications were observed in 6.84% of the eyes (six eyes with macular pucker, three with new retinal detachments, three with cataracts, and three with new breaks without detachment). CONCLUSIONS: Failures of pneumatic retinopexy were related to lens status, localization of the break, and cryopexy. The occurrence of early and late complications was similar to that in other procedures.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10783948&dopt=Abstract
u.arizona.edu
PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of stimulus presentation rate on the measurement of visual field extent in infants and toddlers. METHODS: Visual field extent was measured for 300 children (N = 60 at 3.5, 7, 11, 17, and 30 months) and 24 adults using hybrid static-kinetic perimetry. Flickering light-emitting diode (LED) stimuli were illuminated sequentially, peripherally to centrally at 10.2 degrees intervals, along 4 diagonal meridia at 2 stimulus presentation rates: 2 s/stimulus (equivalent to 5 degrees/s) and 3 s/stimulus (equivalent to 3 degrees/s). Rate of presentation was a between-subjects variable. RESULTS: No effect of stimulus presentation rate was found for adults. The faster rate of stimulus presentation yielded smaller measured visual field extent for children between the ages of 7 and 30 months. The apparent difference seen with 3.5-month-olds did not reach significance. CONCLUSIONS: Faster rates of stimulus presentation may result in underestimation of visual field extent in children between the ages of 7 and 30 months.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10333186&dopt=Abstract
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