Drugs online research references
J Womens Health Gend Based Med. 2000 Jun;9(5):513-9.
Reversal of heart failure remodeling in women.
Levine TB, Levine AB, Kaminski P, Stomel RJ.
Michigan Institute for Heart Failure and Transplant Care, Botsford General Hospital, Farmington Hills 48336, USA.
Epidemiological studies suggest that women with heart failure differ from men with heart failure in that their survival is better. Therapeutic trials have not clearly demonstrated a survival benefit for women. This study was to determine the tolerance for high doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-nitrates in women versus men and to compare their symptomatic response, exercise tolerance, and ventricular functional improvement over 1 year. Eighty-eight sequential patients with heart failure, 54 men and 34 women with left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 35%, were prospectively followed for 1 year. For all patients, ACE inhibitor-nitrate therapy was intensified. Each patient had three 6-monthly echocardiograms at baseline, at 6 months, and at 1 year, and metabolic stress testing. Patients were 57.3 +/- 12.3 years old, with New York Heart Association (NYHA) class severity 2.6 +/- 1.0. Lisinopril dosages were raised from 14 +/- 14 mg/day to 57 +/- 26 mg/day, isosorbide mononitrate from 15 +/- 27 mg/day to 126 +/- 72 mg/day, and carvedilol (n = 34) to 17 +/- 16 mg/day. Women and men were epidemiologically comparable, with similar baseline echocardiographic parameters (left ventricular ejection fraction 19% +/- 7% versus 17% +/- 6%, respectively). Both tolerated up-titration in medical therapy. Final 12-month ejection fractions were equivalent for women and men at 34% +/- 17% and 34% +/- 13%, respectively, with similar improvements in left ventricular diameters. At 1 year, women had higher resting heart rates and remained more symptomatic with lower exercise capacity. However, the relative changes in NYHA status and aerobic capacity were similar for women and men. Thus, both women and men tolerated uptitrated ACE inhibitor-nitrate medical therapy, with comparable reversal of heart failure remodeling. Although women continued to be more symptomatic than men, relative improvements in symptomatic status, in exercise capacity, and in hospitalization rate were equivalent.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10883943&dopt=Abstract
Jpn J Pharmacol. 2000 May;83(1):56-62.
Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on spontaneous or stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species by bronchoalveolar lavage cells harvested from patients with or without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Teramoto S, Suzuki M, Matsuse T, Ishii T, Fukuchi Y, Ouchi Y.
Department of Internal Medicine, San-no Hospital, (Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare), Tokyo, Japan.
We examined the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors on spontaneous or stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells prepared from 6 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and from age-matched control subjects without COPD. The ROS produced by BAL cells were measured by the lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence method. The application of ACE inhibitors into culture media containing BAL cells inhibited spontaneous and stimulated generation of ROS by BAL cells from COPD patients and control subjects in an ambroxol-concentration-dependent manner. Alacepril, an ACE inhibitor bearing SH-group, inhibited the oxygen radical production and generation by BAL cells from COPD patients in a dose-dependent fashion. Approximately 0.6-0.7 mM of alacepril inhibited 50% of the ROS production by BAL cells from COPD patients, whereas a slightly higher concentration (3 mM) of lisinopril, an ACE inhibitor not bearing an SH-group, was necessary to inhibit the production of ROS. These results suggest that an ACE inhibitor may act as an pulmonary antioxidant in patients with COPD.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10887941&dopt=Abstract
J Insect Physiol. 2000 Nov 1;46(11):1423-1431.
Effect of helicokinins and ACE inhibitors on water balance and development of Heliothis virescens larvae.
Seinsche A, Dyker H, Losel P, Backhaus D, Scherkenbeck J.
Central Research, Bayer AG, LWZ Monheim, Geb. 6220, Alfred-Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789, Monheim, Germany
The diuretic activity of the helicokinins I (YFSPWG-amide), II (VRFSPWG-amide) and III (KVKFSAWG-amide) was tested on Heliothis virescens larvae. All three kinins increased fluid secretion in isolated Malpighian tubules in a dose-dependent manner. Injections into the haemolymph caused a significant reduction in weight gain after 24 h and, in the case of helicokinin I, led to an increased mortality of 43% within 6 days. When truncated analogues of helicokinin I were tested in vitro, only the pentapeptide (FSPWG-amide) stimulated fluid secretion. Tested in vivo the pentapeptide did not influence normal development of the larvae. An alanine scan of helicokinin I showed that the substitution of phenylalanine, tryptophan and glycine led to a massive decrease or even loss of diuretic activity. The substitution of the other amino acids had no effect in vitro. The ACE inhibitors captopril, enalapril-maleate and lisinopril were tested for their influence on the development of the larvae. In combination with one of the helicokinins the in vivo injection of the ACE inhibitors led to increased rates of mortality and/or reductions in pupal weight.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=10891570&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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