Drugs online research references
Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1977 Jan;170(1):64-73.
[Chloroquine keratopathy as an example of drug-induced phospholipidosis (contribution to the pathogenesis of cornea verticillata) (author's transl)]
[Article in German]
Seiler KU, Thiel HJ, Wassermann O.
Chronic treatment with certain drugs induces morphological alterations in the eye which are histologically and electron microscopically identical with those found in hereditary lipidoses (cornea verticillata, e.g. in M. Fabry). Hereditary storage diseases are the consequence of enzyme defects, the mechanism underlying the side effect of certain drugs, however, is quite different. "Amphiphilic" drugs from completely different pharmacological groups, like chloroquine, amiodarone, chlorpromazine form complexes with cellular phospholipids which cannot be metabolised by lysosomal phospholipases. Thus in all tissues with high phospholipid content or turnover typical intracellular deposites with lamellary or crystalloid structure may occur (myelin figures). Such deposites were observed in different parts of the eye and are known e.g. from the cornea as "cornea verticillata".
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=15159&dopt=Abstract
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J Chromatogr. 1992 Feb 28;593(1-2):87-94.
Determination of psychotropic phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological matrices by high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection.
Helmlin HJ, Brenneisen R.
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Berne, Switzerland.
Several procedures using high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode-array detection have been developed to create phytochemical and toxicological profiles of phenylalkylamine derivatives in biological samples (e.g. plant materials and urine). Mescaline-containing cactus samples were extracted with basic methanol, using methoxamine as internal standard; the extraction and clean-up of urine samples were performed on cation-exchange solid-phase extraction columns. The extracts were separated on a 3-micron ODS column with acetonitrile-water-phosphoric acid-hexylamine as the mobile phase. Peak detection was performed at 198 or 205 nm; peak identity and homogeneity were ascertained by on-line scanning of the UV spectra from 190 to 300 nm. The detection limit of phenylalkylamine derivatives in urine and cactus material was 0.026-0.056 micrograms/ml and 0.04 micrograms/mg, respectively. Following a single oral dose of 1.7 mg/kg methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA) the concentrations found in urine ranged from 1.48 to 5.05 micrograms/ml MDMA and 0.07-0.90 micrograms/ml methylenedioxyamphetamine (a metabolite of MDMA). The mescaline content of the cactus Trichocereus pachanoi varied between 1.09 and 23.75 micrograms/mg.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1639916&dopt=Abstract
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