Drugs online research references
Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1996 Apr;12(2):79-83.
Photodegradation products of sulphonamide-derived oral antidiabetics and diuretics are not phototoxic in vitro.
Selvaag E, Thune P.
Department of Dermatology, Ullevaal Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
The oral antidiabetics glibenclamide and glipizide, and the diuretics bendroflumethiazide and furosemide, all sulphonamide derived drugs, were investigated in vitro for phototoxic properties. Irradiation with broad-band UV induced phototoxic inhibition of colony forming ability in cell cultures. During irradiation, the substances lost one absorption maximum in the UVA region, demonstrated by UV spectroscopy. These findings correlate well with the UV applied, the action spectrum being in the UVA region. Photoproducts detected during and after irradiation showed a decomposition of the substances due to ionization and fragmentation. Incubation of these preirradiated drugs with the cell cultures revealed no phototoxic effects.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8897593&dopt=Abstract
J Pharm Pharmacol. 1996 Sep;48(9):899-901.
The effect of pH on the in-vitro dissolution of three second-generation sulphonylurea preparations: mechanism of antacid-sulphonylurea interaction.
Lehto P, Laine K, Kivisto KT, Neuvonen PJ.
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Turkey, Finland.
Simultaneously administered magnesium hydroxide or sodium bicarbonate can increase the rate and extent of absorption of non-micronized glibenclamide and glipizide. To clarify the mechanism of this interaction we have studied the effect of pH on the dissolution of two different formulations of glibenclamide (micronized and non-micronized) and one formulation of glipizide. One tablet of each sulphonylurea preparation was placed in a dissolution chamber containing continuously mixed dissolution medium at pH 2, pH 6 or pH 9; 5 mL of the medium was replaced every 2 min. The amount of glibenclamide dissolved from the non-micronized formulation within 2 h, was 1.2, 4.5 and 76% at pH 2, pH 6 and pH 9, respectively (P < 0.01), whereas 21, 29 and 100% was dissolved from the micronized formulation (P < 0.01). The amount of glipizide dissolved within 2 h at pH 2, pH 6 and pH 9 was 3.9, 24 and 92%, respectively (P < 0.01). We conclude that the elevated pH of the gastric contents is the most likely explanation for the interactions previously demonstrated between antacids and sulphonylureas after their concomitant ingestion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8910849&dopt=Abstract
J Clin Pharm Ther. 1996 Aug;21(4):243-5.
Changes in prescribing patterns of oral hypoglycaemics in elderly patients, over a period of 10 years: matching with general practitioners' perceptions of their own prescribing.
Trewin VF, Lawrence CJ, Veitch GB, Pearce V.
Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital (Heavitree), U.K.
A 10-year hospital admissions database had demonstrated a steep decline in the prescribing of chlorpropamide, and to a lesser degree, of glibenclamide, with tolbutamide, metformin and the most recently introduced oral hypoglycaemic, gliclazide, maintaining relatively uniform levels. Glipizide was the most popular emerging agent. Interviews with 20 general practitioners (GPs) revealed that 55% had a definite first choice agent with a priority order of gliclazide, tolbutamide and glibenclamide. For the remaining GPs without a sole preference, gliclazide (30%), glipizide (30%) and glibenclamide (20%) featured as their most commonly prescribed agents.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8933298&dopt=Abstract
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