Drugs online research references
Regul Pept. 1993 Jun 11;45(3):363-70.
Cosecretion of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and insulin from isolated rat pancreatic islets following stimulation or inhibition of beta-cell function.
Stridsberg M, Sandler S, Wilander E.
Department of Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden.
The aim of this work was to simultaneously study the secretion of islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) and insulin from isolated rat pancreatic islets in vitro. For examination of stimulated beta-cells, nutrient secretagogues (16.7 mM glucose, 10 mM leucine + 2 mM glutamine), phosphodiesterase inhibition (5 mM theophylline), a sulphonylurea (0.5 microgram/ml glipizide), a non-nutrient amino acid (10 mM arginine), cholinergic stimulation (0.1 mM carbamylcholine) and insulinotropic peptides (0.1 microM vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and 0.1 microM glucagon), were used. For beta-cell suppression glucose phosphorylation inhibition (10 mM mannoheptulose), depletion of extracellular calcium, activation of the ATP-regulated K(+)-channel (0.5 mM diazoxide), adrenoreceptor stimulation (3 microM adrenaline), paracrine modulation (0.1 microM somatostatin), short-term treatment with a selective beta-cytotoxin (1.1 and 2.2 mM streptozotocin) and long-term treatment with a cytokine (25 U/ml interleukin-1 beta), were studied. The compounds with known effects on insulin secretion exerted their expected actions and this was paralleled by similar relative changes, with a possible exception for glucagon, in the IAPP secretion. The ratio of IAPP/insulin released did not change significantly under any of the tested experimental conditions, except for a slight increase following carbamylcholine stimulation. On a molar basis approx. 1% of IAPP was released when compared with insulin. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that the regulation of IAPP secretion from beta-cells of isolated rat pancreatic islets is essentially regulated by the same mechanisms as insulin secretion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8351401&dopt=Abstract
Clin Ther. 1993 May-Jun;15(3):607-15.
Conversion from glipizide to glyburide: long-term follow-up of a cost-impact survey focusing on the elderly.
Alexis G, Henault R, Sparr HB.
Pharmacy Service, Veterans Administration Medical Center, Brockton, Massachusetts.
The appropriate use of second-generation oral hypoglycemic agents is limited by the lack of definitive guidelines for their use in elderly diabetic patients and controversy over relative dosing equivalence. We previously conducted a survey to determine the feasibility and cost of converting diabetic patients from glipizide to glyburide. This new survey provides an extended, 24-month follow-up in 210 patients and focuses on findings in elderly patients. The mean final daily dose of glyburide (11.6 mg) was lower than the preconversion dose of glipizide (18.7 mg) (P < or = 0.0001). One hundred forty-one (67%) patients successfully continued glyburide for 24 months, including 103 (73%) patients who were 65 years of age or older. There was no apparent correlation between age and final dose of glyburide, ability to continue glyburide, or risk of stopping glyburide. The conversion program reduced the mean daily dose after switching from glipizide to glyburide, which was preserved throughout the observation period. The program also conferred a 49% savings in the projected 2-year expenditures for second-generation oral hypoglycemic agents.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8364952&dopt=Abstract
Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 1993 Jul;53(4):405-9.
The relationship between early insulin release and glucose tolerance in healthy subjects.
Groop PH, Melander A, Groop LC.
Fourth Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.
Sulphonylureas improve glucose tolerance by stimulating insulin secretion. Whether improved glucose tolerance results from enhanced early insulin release or greater total insulin secretion is not clear. Therefore insulin and C-peptide responses to oral glucose were measured in healthy subjects with and without a single dose of oral and intravenous glipizide. The intravenous glipizide administration caused a marked early insulin response, whereas oral glipizide administration resulted in greater total and peak insulin concentration. Oral glipizide did not reduce plasma glucose until 45 min of the glucose load. In contrast, enhancement of the early insulin response with intravenous glipizide almost completely prevented postprandial glucose rise. In conclusion, early insulin release is a major factor determining oral glucose tolerance in healthy subjects.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8378744&dopt=Abstract
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