Drugs online research references
Metabolism. 1980 May;29(5):488-94.
Sulfonylurea treatment of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus.
Feinglos MN, Lebovitz HE.
The ultimate clinical utility of the sulfonylurea drugs in the treatment of insulin-independent diabetes mellitus will be determined only when the mechanisms of action of these agents are understood. We are presently evaluating the long-term effects of the sulfonylurea glipizide on a group of patients with insulin-independent diabetes. Our studies thus far indicate that a major effect of this drug is a potentiation of insulin action, which leads to an improvement in glucose utilization. However, glipizide, in distinction from those sulfonylureas that have been examined previously, also causes a long-term increase in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. These effects are unrelated to diet therapy and can still be demonstrated in patients treated for more than 2 yr. Further investigation will determine whether sulfonylurea therapy can offer unique benefits to certain patients with insulin-independent diabetes.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6990184&dopt=Abstract
Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1980;239:11-4.
Glipizide and hepatic glycogenolysis.
Bloch K, Daturi S, Tommasini R.
Glipizide, a new sulfonylurea recently introduced for the treatment of diabetes, was studied to check its possible extrapancreatic effects. Rats were given a subcutaneous injection of 1 g/kg glucosamine: this dose caused marked hyperglycemia and a decrease in hepatic glycogen, but does not alter blood insulin levels. Pretreatment with i.v. dose of 37.5 microgram/kg glipizide 1 hour before the glucosamine load, significantly inhibits the hyperglycemia and the decrease of hepatic glycogen. This dose of glipizide does not affect blood sugar levels, although it does induce a transient rise in insulin secretion, which lasts no more than 10 minutes after administration. Since glucosamine was administered 1 hour after the sulfonylurea by which time the interference of insulin was no longer felt, it may be concluded that in the experiment described, glipizide seems to have some other action apart from stimulating insulin secretion.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7001838&dopt=Abstract
Acta Endocrinol Suppl (Copenh). 1980;239:15-8.
Influence of glipizide on hepatic and peripheral insulin exchange after glucose administration.
Nygren A, Sundblad L, Wiechel KL.
Hepatic insulin uptake was studied in five patients with portal catheters introduced through the umbilical vein remnant for diagnostic purposes. Glipizide (1,5 mg) was given intravenously followed one hour later by 20 g glucose intravenously and blood samples were drawn simultanously from the portal vein and a hepatic vein. The areas under the curves describing portal insulin and hepatic insulin were calculated. The ratio of (portal insulin area -- hepatic insulin area) /portal insulin area after glucose injection exceeded that after glipizide injection (p < 0.05). This finding indicates a greater fractional hepatic extraction of insulin after glucose than after glipizide. Healthy subjects were given 100 g glucose perorally and blood samples were drawn simultanously from a radial artery and an antecubital vein for one hour. In all cases a net insulin uptake was observed during the whole observation period. The subjects were restudied given 1.5 mg intravenously one hour before glucose administration. This time less insulin was taken up by the forearm tissues after the glucose load and in one subject insulin in venous blood samples exceeded that in corresponding arterial blood samples. It is concluded that glipizide when given before a glucose load affects the uptake of insulin by peripheral tissues during the glucose load.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=7001839&dopt=Abstract
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