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The hypoglycemic activity of lectin isolated from Urtica pilulifera L. seeds (Urticaceae) was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Significant hypoglycemic effect was found at the dose of 100 mg/kg after i.p. administration for 30 days. Blood glucose (BG) level, food and fluid intake, body weight (BW) loss and histopathologic findings of the normal and diabetic animals were evaluated. The group treated with UPSL (U. pilulifera seed lectin) was also compared against glipizide (oral antidiabetic agent, Carlo-Erba) as a standard. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12648821&dopt=Abstract
prous.com
Nateglinide is a short-acting, pancreatic, beta-cell-selective, K(ATP) potassium channel blocker that improves overall glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Although nateglinide's mechanism of action is related to that of sulphonyl-ureas and repaglinide, important differences do exist. Nateglinide binds rapidly to the sulfonylurea SUR1 receptor with a relatively low affinity, and it dissociates from it extremely rapidly in a manner of seconds. This rapid association and dissociation gives nateglinide a unique "fast on-fast off" effect. Thus, nateglinide has a rapid onset and short duration of action stimulating insulin secretion in vivo and providing good control of postprandial hyperglycemia when taken immediately prior to meals. The rapid action of nateglinide on the beta cells stimulates and restores the normal physiological first and early phase of insulin secretion, consequently reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. This hypoglycemic effect of nateglinide leads to improved glycemic control, while the short duration avoids delayed hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia after meals. Nateglinide is not a sulfonylurea, but it shares the mechanism of action of commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents such as glibenclamide and glipizide. Like the recently introduced, short-acting agent, repaglinide, it does not incorporate a sulfonylurea moiety. However, nateglinide's effects on insulin secretion and glycemic control differ significantly from the sulfonylureas and repaglinide in that it preferentially stimulates acute phase insulin, better controls postprandial glucose excursions and spikes, and causes less hyperinsulinemia and hypoglycemia. Compounds with such a profile should not only achieve improved overall glucose control, but also reduce the risk of vascular complications which is the most important feature of nateglinide. Clinical studies with nateglinide have confirmed that it acts rapidly and both restores insulin release and attenuates the postprandial glucose spike. Nateglinide is both effective and well tolerated in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The reported overall profile of adverse effects appears to be superior to that of other K(ATP) potassium channel blockers, the glucose modulator metformin and PPARgamma agonists such as troglitazone. Clinical comparisons of these agents have shown nateglinide to be more effective in attenuating postprandial glucose than any other oral hypoglycemic agent, and that treatment with both nateglinide and metformin provides additive effects that afford improved control of plasma glucose levels. The administration regimen for nateglinide, immediately prior to meals, also facilitates patient compliance. (c) 2001 Prous Science. All rights reserved.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12764427&dopt=Abstract [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
J Feline Med Surg. 2003 Jun;5(3):183-9.
Treatment of feline diabetes mellitus using an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor and a low-carbohydrate diet.
Mazzaferro EM, Greco DS, Turner AS, Fettman MJ.
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor (acarbose), combined with a low-carbohydrate diet on the treatment of naturally occurring diabetes mellitus in cats. Eighteen client-owned cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus were entered into the study. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was performed prior to and 4 months after feeding the diet to determine total body composition, including lean body mass (LBM) and percent body fat. Each cat was fed a commercially available low-carbohydrate canned feline diet and received 12.5mg/cat acarbose orally every 12h with meals. All cats received subcutaneous insulin therapy except one cat in the study group that received glipizide (5mg BID PO). Monthly serum glucose and fructosamine concentrations were obtained, and were used to adjust insulin doses based on individual cat's requirements. Patients were later classified as responders (insulin was discontinued, n=11) and non-responders (continued to require insulin or glipizide, n=7). Responders were initially obese (>28% body fat) and non-responders had significantly less body fat than responders (<28% body fat). Serum fructosamine and glucose concentrations decreased significantly in both responder and non-responder groups over the course of 4 months of therapy. Better results were observed in responder cats, for which exogenous insulin therapy was discontinued, glycemic parameters improved, and body fat decreased. In non-responders, median insulin requirements decreased and glycemic parameters improved significantly, despite continued insulin dependence. The use of a low-carbohydrate diet with acarbose was an effective means of decreasing exogenous insulin dependence and improving glycemic control in a series of client-owned cats with naturally occurring diabetes mellitus.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=12765629&dopt=Abstract
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