Drugs online research references
Horm Res. 1984;20(4):246-51.
Insulin binding on MOLT 4 cells: effect of a sulfonylurea.
Cordera R, Chimini G, Bagnasco M, Gherzi R.
Cultured neoplastic cell lines are widely considered an adequate model for insulin receptor studies. In this work the insulin receptor of a well-known continuous T-cell line (MOLT 4) was characterized. These cells showed specific insulin receptor with binding properties quite similar to those of other lymphoblastoid cells. Therefore, we used MOLT 4 receptor to evaluate the effect of the sulfonylurea glipizide on insulin binding. After a 24-hour preliminary incubation of cells with glipizide, we found a 44% increase of insulin receptor binding apparently due to an increase of insulin binding sites.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6392057&dopt=Abstract
Horm Metab Res. 1984 Dec;16 Suppl 1:167-70.
Sulfonylureas enhance in vivo the effectiveness of insulin in type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus.
Pontiroli AE, Alberetto M, Bertoletti A, Baio G, Pozza G.
Indirect evidence suggests that sulfonylureas, in addition to stimulating insulin release, exert additional effects at extrapancreatic levels which are of value in the management of type 2 diabetes. In order to characterize in vivo some of these effects, insulin sensitivity was studied in 9 type 1 diabetics with no residual insulin secretory activity, during treatment with chlorpropamide (250 mg b.i.d. for 8 days) and with glipizide (5 mg t.i.d. for 8 days). Employing the glucose clamp technique with the aid of an artificial pancreas (Biostator), glucose disposal during insulin infusion (0.1 U/kg in 60 min) was calculated by the amount of glucose required to keep the blood glucose at preinfusion levels. Chlorpropamide and glipizide administration was accompanied by a significant increase of the amount of glucose required to clamp blood glucose levels, while serum (free) insulin levels were superimposable during the different clamping studies. In the absence of endogenous insulin release, these data strongly suggest that the two sulfonylureas employed enhance in vivo the peripheral sensitivity to insulin. Further studies are required to indicate a preferential site of action (liver, muscle, adipose tissue) of sulfonylureas.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6398258&dopt=Abstract
Am J Med. 1983 Nov 30;75(5B):41-5.
Clinical pharmacology of glipizide.
Melander A, Wahlin-Boll E.
The clinical pharmacology of glipizide and other sulfonylureas is briefly reviewed. Reevaluation of the University Group Diabetes Program data suggests that sulfonylureas do not increase cardiovascular mortality. Instead, a long-term study of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance indicates that sulfonylureas reduce the frequency of cardiovascular morbidity and can postpone or even prevent the development of impaired glucose tolerance to manifest diabetes. It is likely that all sulfonylureas have the same principal mechanism(s) of action but that they differ in potency and pharmacokinetics, resulting in considerable clinical differences. Thus, glipizide and glibenclamide (glyburide) are much more potent than tolbutamide and chlorpropamide. Glipizide has the most rapid absorption and onset of action, as well as the shortest half-life and effect-duration; hence the risk of long-lasting hypoglycemia is minute. Glipizide has complete bioavailability, and its blood glucose-lowering effect is improved when it is given before breakfast. Glipizide may be administered once daily without loss of therapeutic efficacy.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=6424440&dopt=Abstract
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