Drugs online research references
Obes Res. 2001 Sep;9(9):526-34.
Is the relationship between adipose tissue and waist girth altered by weight loss in obese men?
Pare A, Dumont M, Lemieux I, Brochu M, Almeras N, Lemieux S, Prud'homme D, Despres JP.
Lipid Research Center, CHUL Research Center, CHUQ, Sainte-Foy, Quebec, Canada.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to examine whether the association of waist girth to visceral adipose tissue (AT) accumulation was altered by weight loss in abdominally obese men. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: We studied 45 dyslipidemic abdominally obese men (45.4 +/- 6.2 years of age; body mass index [BMI], 31.3 +/- 3.0 kg/m(2); waist circumference, 103.4 +/- 7.6 cm; total cholesterol, <6.72 mM; triglycerides, > or =1.7 mM but < or =5.65 mM; high density lipoprotein cholesterol, < or =1.2 mM). Each of them followed nutritional recommendations combined with a prescription of gemfibrozil (1200 mg/d) or a placebo for 1 year. After 6 months, a training exercise program was added at a frequency of four sessions of 60 minutes per week at 50% of maximal oxygen uptake. RESULTS: In response to the 1-year intervention program, men showed significant reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, and in the partial volume of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous AT measured from two abdominal computed tomography scans performed at lumbar vertebra (L)2 to L3 and L4 to L5 levels. No change in waist-to-hip ratio was observed. Changes in visceral AT were strongly correlated with changes in body weight, BMI, and waist circumference (0.83 < r < 0.85; p < 0.001). However, a weak association was noted between waist-to-hip ratio and changes in visceral AT (r = 0.40; p < 0.05). There was no change in slopes or in intercepts before and after treatment in the relationships between volume or area of abdominal AT and anthropometric markers. DISCUSSION: Despite a greater level of the partial volume of subcutaneous AT than of the partial volume of visceral AT at baseline (p < 0.001), the greater relative reduction in the visceral AT volume in comparison with the subcutaneous AT volume suggested a preferential mobilization of visceral AT with weight loss in these abdominally obese men. The close relationship between changes in the partial volume of visceral AT and changes in cross-sectional areas of visceral AT measured at L2 to L3 (r = 0.94; p < 0.001) or L4 to L5 (r = 0.88; p < 0.001) suggests that a single computed tomography scan performed at L2 to L3 or L4 to L5 could predict changes in the partial volume of visceral AT secondary to weight loss.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11557833&dopt=Abstract
Arch Cardiol Mex. 2001 Jan-Mar;71 Suppl 1:S139-41.
[Fibrates in the secondary prevention of ischemic cardiopathy]
[Article in Spanish]
Posadas Romero C.
Departamento de Endocrinologia, Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia Ignacio Chavez, INCICH, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080 Mexico, D.F.
Clinical trials have demonstrated that reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) reduces the incidence of major cardiac events in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Recently, two major secondary prevention trials that evaluated the impact of increasing low serum levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and decreasing serum triglycerides on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality were published. This paper briefly summarizes the characteristics and results of these two studies. In the veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Study (VA-HIT), LDL-C was not changed; HDL-C increased 6.0% and triglycerides were reduced 31% by gemfibrozil. The lipid changes in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) study were LDL-C -6.5%, HDL-C 18%; and triglycerides -21%. In VA-HIT, there was a 22% reduction (p = 0.006) in major CHD events, whereas in the BIP study a nonsignificant reduction of only 9.4% was observed. It is not clear why the effectiveness of fibrate therapy was different in the two studies. From these results it has been suggested that for most CHD patients, the 3-hydroxy-3-methylghutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) will remain the initial drugs of choice, but fibrates may be of use in a subgroup of patients.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11565320&dopt=Abstract
Thromb Res. 2001 Oct 1;104(1):29-37.
Cyclic nucleotides in platelets of genetically hypertriglyceridemic and hypertensive rats. Thrombin and nitric oxide responses are unrelated to plasma triglyceride levels.
Pernollet MG, Kunes J, Zicha J, Devynck MA.
Pharmacologie, Universite Rene Descartes, CNRS UMR 8604, Faculte de Medecine Necker, 156 rue de Vaugirard, 75015 Paris, France.
Prague hereditary hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) rats constitute a genetic model of hypertension associated with hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Various cell alterations, including changes in membrane dynamics, ion transport, and decreased platelet responses to thrombin have been observed in this strain. As hypertriglyceridemia appears to be associated with reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilation and platelet aggregation, we examined whether triglycerides could modulate cell responsiveness through changes in cyclic nucleotides in platelets of HTG rats. From the age of 6 weeks, these hypertensive animals were subjected for 10 weeks to interventions that modified circulating triglycerides levels (2.17+/-0.09 mmol/l), leading to their reduction (gemfibrozil treatment, 0.87+/-0.05 mmol/l) or elevation (high fructose intake, 3.23+/-0.07 mmol/l). Basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) contents were 15% and 48% lower in isolated platelets of HTG rats than in those of Lewis controls. cAMP level was further reduced in HTG rats subjected to high fructose intake. Irrespective of their plasma triglyceride levels, the thrombin-induced increase in platelet cGMP levels present in Lewis rats was absent in platelets of HTG rats. In contrast, no strain- or treatment-related differences were observed in the magnitude or kinetics of cGMP response to exogenous nitric oxide (NO). NO-induced cGMP and cAMP changes were associated in an opposite manner with trimethylamino-diphenylhexatriene (TMA-DPH) anisotropy, a biophysical parameter that reflects the microviscosity of the outer part of the cell membrane. Our results indicate that the attenuation of platelet responsiveness to thrombin in HTG rats represents a strain difference that cannot merely be due to a difference in plasma triglyceride levels. Platelet hyporesponsiveness to agonists such as thrombin in HTG rats cannot be explained by a change in levels of inhibitory cyclic nucleotides, since they were actually found to be low and not high.
online pharmacy ref source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11583736&dopt=Abstract
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